Shin Ma Taung Tharakhan Buddha ရွင္မေတာင္ သရခံ ဘုရား

Shin Ma Taung is a hill west of PaKhan Gyi and is famous for its Thanakhar and also for the Shin Ma Taung Tharakhan Buddha at the hill top pagoda which is one of the 5 Tharakhan Buddha images of king Alaung Sithu. During the colonial times it was moved to the Sithu Shin pagoda in PaKhan Gyi and still is known as being there and still mentioned as such in the Sithu Shin pagoda book. However, when I got there in June 2017, I was told that it has been moved back to Shin Ma Taung a long time ago when the security got better. As the aim of my Upper Myanmar pilgrimage was to visit the 4 remaining Tharakhan Buddhas, I went to Shin Ma Taung when I found out the road was good.

 

Beyond the PaKhan Gyi Kyaung Taw Gyi, the road was not paved but not bad. The road up the Shin Ma Taung hill was a good tar road and there were plenty of trees on the hill.

 

There was a meditation group at the time and we were lucky that a session of meditation was over when we got there as we did not have to wait to view the Tharakhan Buddha.

 

We had a  nice view of wooded Shin Ma Taung.

 

 

Shin Ma Taung viewed from Pareinma

The history of the Tharakhan Buddha images is related to king AhLaung Sithu and is mythological with reference to the ThaGyarMinn, king of the TharWaTeinThar Nat Pyay / celestial abode / Moe Nat Minn.

The following is the history of the Tharakhan Buddha images from the Glass Palace Chronicle / HmanNann Yarzawin:

While king AhLaung Sithu went around his country, the local rulers paid homage to him. On reaching ThainGo / Thiho / Thiri LinKar / Sri Lanka, the Sri Lankan king offered the Maha Kathapha image that is being worshipped by the Sri Lankan kings, the huge ThitKaNet ship and daughter Princess Sao Oo Htwe.

King AhLaung Sithu continued on his journey to the ZamBu DiPar Kyunn where  ZamBu. ThaPyay Pin / tree grew. Then king AhLaung Sithu decided to continue his journey to the MyinyMo mountain but was dissuaded by the ThaGyarMinn through the Wi.Tha Kyone NatTharr and also by the ministers and the courtiers.

The Tharakhan Buddha images were sclptured from the Tharakhan incence wood offered to king AhLaung Sithu by the ThaGyarMinn, king of the TharWaTeinThar Nat Pyay / celestial abode / Moe Nat Minn. During his travels, king AhLaung Sithu reached Malayu and there an orgress dropped her child while looking at the  king. The orgress asked the king to rescue her child and king AhLaung Sithu whipped the sea with the cane, saying why the ManiMayKhaLar Nathamee did not rescue! ManiMayKhaLar Nathamee rescued the child and gave to the king AhLaung Sithu who returned it to the orgress. The orgress offered various incense to king AhLaung Sithu. The ThaGyarMinn, king of the TharWaTeinThar Nat Pyay / celestial abode / Moe Nat Minn also offered the MahaBodhi DetKhiNa TharKhar and the Tharakhan incence wood to the king.

On his return to Bagan, king AhLaung Sithu had 5 Buddha statutes made from the Tharakhan incence wood. The Abbot Shin AhRaHan advised to have the images to be distributed so as to be available to all. King AhLaung Sithu went upriver with the 5 Tharakhan Buddha images and the MyatPaung Myitzu Buddha image.  At KunnYwa, there were many birds in the sky and the soothsayers said that it is an auspicious place where the Buddha image want to reside. The king have the Buddha images placed on white elephants to find where they rest in order to find the place for the Buddha images. Thus, the 4 Tharakhan Buddha images were placed in pagodas at KunnYwa, ShinMa Taung, Pakhan, and HsinKyoe.

The remaining Tharakhan Buddha image could not be placed on white elephant and when the king asked about it, the soothsayers replied that once when the king was further up river at AhNyar ThihaTaw, a jungle hen landed on the royal barge and laid egg on  the front end. This is the place where the remaining Tharakhan Buddha image want to reside. King AhLaung Sithu went up the Ayeyarwaddy to the AhNyar ThihaTaw and have a pagoda built on the island in the middle of Ayeyarwaddy and placed the remaining Tharakhan Buddha image there.

Nowadays, the AhNyar ThihaTaw Buddha image resides in Mandalay at the Shwe Kyee Myin pagoda and only went to the AhNyar ThihaTaw pagoda during its pagoda festival.

KunnYwa is the current ShweTannTit.

The height of the Tharakhan Buddha images were only about 4 fingers width / Let Lay Thit and with the elephant / HsinKhan throne / Palin the difference in them is the number of elephants sculptured on the elephant throne / HsinKhan Palin.

The following is the history of the Tharakhan Buddha images from the ShweTannTit pagoda history / Phayarr Thamaing by AhShin PyaNyar WunTha:

The ThaGyarMinn, king of the TharWaTeinThar Nat Pyay / celestial abode / Moe Nat Minn gave the Tharakhan incence which gives out fragrance for the 15 yuzana diameter area to king AhLaung Sithu and told the king that if 5 Gautama Buddha statutes are to be made from it and worshipped, there will be great results from it. When the king handled the Tharakhan wood he remarked how 5 Buddha statutes can be made from it as it is so small, the ThaGyarMinn told the king that he would do it and got it back. Although the ThaGyarMinn could make the Buddha statutes from the Tharakhan wood by his power, he only created small carpentry tools and have the 5 Buddha statutes of 4 finger breadth height sculptured and from the small pieces that result from the sculpturing, have a Buddha image made with Thit Say and gave all 6 Buddha statutes to the king.

King AhLaung Sithu remarked that the thrones are too small and it would be better to have elephant thrones beneath. The ministers and courtiers agreed and royal painters were called in they painted the first Tharakhan Buddha image with 15 elephant throne, the second Tharakhan Buddha image with 14 elephant throne, the third Tharakhan Buddha image with 13 elephant throne, the fourth Tharakhan Buddha image with 12 elephant throne, the fifth Tharakhan Buddha image with 11 elephant throne and the sixth Tharakhan Buddha image with 10 elephant throne and the paintings were shown to the king. The king liked the paintings and ordered the carpenters to sculpture them. The royal carpenters asked with what wood are the elephant thrones to be made but the king did not have any answer and the carpenters went back to their boat.

During the night, the Nats of the island, jungle and hills came to worship the Buddha images and heard the king talking in his sleep about what wood to make the elephant thrones. They took the 6 pieces of wood from the tree that looks like elephant hide that grows in the Himalayas and placed them in front of the Buddha images on the royal boat.

The king found them the next morning, gave them to the carpenters and has the elephant thrones made from them. After they were finished the king was very pleased and gave 10 ticals of gold and a gold bowl as a reward to the carpenters and have the Tharakhan Buddha images placed on the elephant thrones.

King AhLaung Sithu after looking closely at the Tharakhan Buddha images, remarked about the smallness of the Tharakhan Buddha images and the ThaGyarMinn told the king that having the Tharakhan Buddha images placed within the larger Buddha images made from ZamBu. ThaPyay wood would be a good thing. The king liked the idea and as he requested the ThaGyarMinn for it, the ThaGyarMinn told the Wi.Tha Kyone NatTharr to carry out the task. The wood was not enough for the 6^th ZamBu. ThaPyay Buddha image and BawDi wood was used to finish it. When the Wi.Tha Kyone NatTharr offered the 6 ThaPyay Buddha images to theking, the king noticed that the right arm of the 6^th ZamBu. ThaPyay Buddha image is different and remarked so.

King AhLaung Sithu asked the ThaGyarMinn whether to have the Buddha images in Bagan or not and the ThaGyarMinn replied that 3 and a half yuzana north of Bagan is a hill where medicinal plants and Thanatkharr trees are in abundance. Southeast of the hill is the auspicious place for the Buddha images. Once there, the good Nats will  show the places where to have them placed.

After king AhLaung Sithu reached back to Bagan, he went upriver of the Ayeyarwaddy with the Buddha images. On reaching PaikKun Ywa, there were many birds flying in the sky and asked about the significance and was told by the learned ministers that . the place will be the Maha Nagara Hsainda country in the future and that the Buddha images want to reside there. The king placed the second Tharakhan Buddha image on the back of the Narga ShweGyi white elephant and allow it to roam about. The Narga ShweGyi white elephant stopped at a place pointing at a shrub with its trunk. When the shrub was cleared, a small stupa was found. It was one of the 84000 stupas built by king Asoka. King AhLaung Sithu had the stupa rebuilt.

The place was called Hsin TannTit as the Narga ShweGyi white elephant did not proceed any further. This later becomes ShweTannTit as time passed

The Hsaddan / Saddan / Chaddanta Cave

 

As caves go in Myanmar, Hsaddan Cave is not a beautiful one although it is the largest one I have been to inside Myanmar. However, the boat ride beyond the cave and the beautiful nearby hills make it one of the best places to visit in Myanmar and it reminds me of Trang An near Ha Noi, Vietnam, which has been called the inland Halong due to the similar shaped hills.

View on the way to Hsaddan Cave

 

A visit to the Hsaddan Cave from Hpa An takes half a day and although the first part of the road is a good highway, the branch road to the cave is a non paved one. The initial part through the village has many high than usual speed bumps that made passing them very time consuming as I had to inch up and down the humps. Beyond that village, the road is fine although not paved but it is a long way to go that crossed another non-paved highway. Near the Hsaddan Cave, the beautiful mountains can be seen.

The Hsaddan Cave from a distance

 

 

View at the other end of the Hsaddan Cave

The boat ride in the lake beyond the Hsaddan Cave and through the tunnel cave and beyond reminds me of the boat ride in Trang An, Vietnam.

Lake beyond the Hsaddan Cave

 

 

Boats entering the tunnel cave

 

Entering the cave tunnel. Light at the end of the tunnel

 

Light at the end of the tunnel

 

 

Nearing the tunnel exit

 

Near the end of the tunnel

 

Exit from the tunnel

 

 

Caves beyond the tunnel at the Hsaddan Cave that are still submerged

Caves beyond the tunnel at the Hsaddan Cave that are still submerged

 

 

 

Lake beyond the tunnel at the Hsaddan Cave

 

Passing the boat which returned from the end

 

The canal to near the Hsaddan entrance

 

 

Nearing the boat ride at the Hsaddan cave

 

End of the boat ride at the Hsaddan cave

After the boat ride, there is a walk back to the Hsaddan Cave Entrance

Cave beyond the tunnel at the Hsaddan Cave that is no longer submerged

Dry cave at Hsaddan cave

 

Cave beyond the tunnel at the Hsaddan Cave that is no longer submerged

 

Caves beyond the tunnel at the Hsaddan Cave that are no longer submerged

 

 

 

Hsaddan Cave is named after the Chaddanta King Elephant Jataka, one of Buddha’s previous lives. The Chaddanta elephants are one of the rarest breeds and considered by many to be the highest class of elephants. These elephants are unique in appearance, not only with bodies of pure white and feet and faces of a deep scarlet but with six tusks. The Chaddanta King Elephant had 2 elephant queens, the Maha Thubatha / Mahasubhadda and Sula Thubatha / Chullasubhadda. One day, King Chanddanta placed flowers on the elephant queens and the ones placed on Chullasubhadda contained ants which bit her.  The dry leaves, twigs and red ants from the tree fell on Chullasubhadda but the flowers and the pollen of the tree rained on Mahasubhadda.  Chullasubhadda became angry and vowed to take revenge on the King Chaddanta.

After Chullasubhadda died, she reincarnated as a human royal and became a queen and one day she pleaded the King for the tusks of the  Chaddanta King Elephant. The King sent the  Chief Hunter Thaw Note Ta Ra / Sonuttara who took seven years to finally find Chaddanta. He devised a sly plan and dug a pit next to Chaddanta cave and concealed it by covering it with the twigs and leaves of the forest. Sonuttara hid inside the pit and when Chaddanta was astride it, he shot Chaddanta with a poisoned arrow. Chaddanta searched for the enemy and found Sonuttara and took him with his trunk and asked why he did this. Sonuttara explained about the orders of his King due to the request of the Queen and Chaddanta realized it was Chullasubhadda who was revenging for the earlier incident. Chaddanta know he would die anyway and broke his tusks and gave them to Sonuttara who returned and presented them to his King and Queen.

 

 

Hsaddan Cave entrance elephants

 

 

Stairs up to the Hsaddan Cave

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Strange design on roof of the cave

Part of the roof had fallen in

 

Steep stairs down

Have to go up again

 

 

At the middle of the long cave

 

 

light ahead

 

 

The Hole on the Cave roof drilled by the Chief Hunter Thaw Note Ta Ra / Sonuttara

 

Chedi on top of a stupa shaped stalagmite near the end of the Hsaddan cave

 

 

The exit

 

Final descent

 

The way out at the other end

One can return by the tunnel route but taking a boat ride and a short walk is worth going as one can get a splendid view of the countryside, nearby mountains and the mysterious caves both still submerged and those now dry.

 

 

The Rakhine mud volcanoes

There are many mud volcanoes in Rakhine, the best documented in Kyaukphyu township of Ramree island in the Rakhine State.
The largest island in Myanmar, Yanbye Island or Ramree Island as it is also called is located off Rakhine coast facing the Bay of Bengal. The island has some mud volcanoes which are called Nagapwet-aing (lake) meaning dragon’s lair by the locals. They mostly exist inside the Kyaukphyu township and are dormant most time but become active at times, either flowing out or explosive in nature.

There are also many offshore with islands of mud volcanoes forming and disappearing over the time.
Mud volcanoes in Rakhine are also linked to Nagars, mythical snake like water dragons as with the Nagapwet taung, the only active mud volcano in central Myanmar near Minbu. They are said to live within the mud underground at these mud volcanoes and also in the sea and rivers elsewhere.
There are around 14 volcanoes near Saichon village စိုင္ျခံဳေက်းရြာ, Kyaukphyu Township, Rakhine State
Retired geologist Soe Thein said volcanos in the Kyaukphyu Township area on Ramree Island were set off along a fault line
“When there is earth crust movement in these fault lines, there will be underground water circulation and more water will move up to the surface as hot springs, but they are not like real volcanoes. They do not pose a danger to people,” Soe Thein said.
The highest number of underground hot spring fault lines is in Kyaukphyu Township. The hot spring fault line runs through Magwe Region.

Wet Ann Nagar mud volcano, less than two miles from Saichon village in Kyaukphyu Township, Rakhine State, erupted on October 4, 2016, destroying farmland. Molten lava flew about 70-feet high. ရခိုင္ျပည္နယ္ ေက်ာက္ျဖဴၿမိဳ႕ စိုင္ျခံဳေက်းရြာ၏အေ႐ွ႕ဘက္ ၁ မိုင္ ၄ဖာလံုခန္႔ အကြာတြင္႐ွိေသာ ဝက္အမ္းနဂါး ရႊံ႕မီးေတာင္သည္ ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၄ ရက္ ညေန (၅) နာရီေက်ာ္ခန္႔က ေပါက္ကြဲခဲ့သည္။

A volcano erupts to the south of Saichon village, Kyaukphyu Township, Rakhine State

 

A mud volcano in Kyaukphyu Township.

An earthquake hit the township and two mud volcanoes erupted on 2016 August 24.

ေက်ာက္ျဖဴ ၿမိဳ႕နယ္တြင္း ယခုေပါက္ကြဲသည့္ ၀က္အမ္းနဂါး မီးေတာင္ အပါ ၂၀၁၆ ခုနွစ္အတြင္း ရႊံ႕မီးေတာင္ သံုးလံုး ေပါက္ကြဲခဲ့ျပီဟု သိရသည္။
၂၀၁၆ ခုႏွစ္ ၾသဂုတ္လ ၂၄ ရက္က ေျမငလွ်င္ လႈပ္ၿပီး ၁၀ မိနစ္ ခန္႔အၾကာတြင္ စည္ေမာ္ေက်းရြာ အေနာက္ေတာင္ဘက္တြင္ တည္ရွိေသာ ၾကက္ေသနဂါး မီးေတာင္ ႏွင့္ စိုင္ျခံဳ ရြာအေ႐ွ႕ဘက္တြင္ တည္ရွိေသာ သေျပေတာနဂါး ရႊံ႕မီးေတာင္တို႕ ေပါက္ကြဲခဲ့သည္။
စည္ေမာ္ရြာ ၾကက္ေသနဂါး မီးေတာင္မွာ အျမင့္ေပ ၂၀၀ ထိ ရႊံ႕ရည္မ်ားကို မႈတ္ထုတ္ခဲ့ျပီး ဝဲ ယာ ေပ ၄၀ ေက်ာ္ ရႊံ႕ရည္မ်ား ျပန္႔က်ဲခဲ့ေၾကာင္း ေဒသခံမ်ားက ေျပာၾကားသည္။

Kyauk Phyu, Si Maw village, Kyet Thay Nagar volcano

 

“The last volcano eruption at the Wet Ann Nagar mud volcano ဝက္အမ္းနဂါး ရႊံ႕မီးေတာင္, Saichon village was in 1987, and flames and lava came out. About 40 acres of farmland were destroyed. The current volcano eruption isn’t strong and the damage is far smaller. Farmers need to be aware of the volcanoes as they can erupt any time,” said villager Aung Than.
Two mud volcanoes in Sai Chong village east of Kyaukphyu erupted in January 2008. Lava and magma shot up to 300-feet high and a small amount of lava covered about 200 feet in the nearby area, the New Light of Myanmar reported on January 8.
A similar volcano mud eruption took place near Sai Chong village in 2006, and an eruption in 1996 damaged more than 40 acres of farmland in the same area

 

Mud volcano erupts in Arakan

The mud volcano near Yaukchaung Village began spewing mud on Aug. 31, 2014, immediately inundating 30 acres of surrounding farmland. The mud has since flowed into another 170 acres of land, mostly rice paddy, said Aung Saw Thein, a local of Kyaukphyu, which is on Ramree Island

1-mud_volcano_erupts_in_arakan-september-2014

On both Ramree Island and the adjacent Manaung Island, mud volcanoes are common, according to geologist Soe Thura Tun, who conducted research there two years ago.
He said the mud volcanoes on the islands are different from those in other parts of Burma as they are shallower in depth and sometimes erupt in flames as they expel natural gas. Geological formations in the area suggest that mud volcanoes were once even more common there, he said.

Volcano_Rambree_island 2008

“Volcano eruptions here do not cause serious damage, and only farmland is destroyed by these volcano eruptions,” said Soe Thura Tun.
“They erupt once every two or three years, but there is no regularity to their eruption. Some volcanoes have already gone extinct, according to our research.”
“Not only Yaukchaung Village was affected. Farms and pasture in Simaw and Kyettel villages were also damaged by muddy water,” he said.
“Muddy water is still flowing into farms and the paddy in all those farms will be dead. We have three other mud volcanoes in the south west of the village.”

A mud volcano erupted on 2011 November 26 on a small hill one mile west of Bawyabaya village, about 32 miles from Kyaukphyu. The eruption sent magma and lava 15-feet into the air, and about 5 acres of nearby land was covered by magma.

The mud volcanoes are not igneous and therefore do not tend to produce lava, hot molten earth. They are associated with oil and gas fields and the cold or warm mud contains natural gas which is flammable in presence of oxygen when it reach the surface of the earth. There have been mud volcano explosions associated with fire ball when large amounts of gas had been released.

Nantha Kyun is an island off the coast of Rakhine State, Burma

The island is 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) long and 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) wide. It is located roughly 30 km (19 mi) to the southwest of the Maw Yon headland in the Rakhine coast.^[1]

Nantha Kyun rises to a height of 168 metres (551 ft) and has a large active mud volcano in the middle. It is thickly wooded except on its western shores where the terrain is scarred between the crater and the shoreline.^[2]
Definition: Mud volcanoes are geological structures formed by a combination of mud eruption, gas emission, and water seepage from the subsurface at both the earth’s terrestrial surface and the seafloor (Fig. 1-1)(Milkov, 2000; Dimitrov, 2002; Kopf, 2002). Water, gas, and fine-grained muddy sediment in semi-liquid form are forced by tectonic compressions to migrate up through fissures or narrow openings in the crust and produce an outflowing mass of mud on the earth’s surface (Dimitrov, 2003).

basic-structure-and-main-elements-of-a-conical-mud-volcano

Types of Mud Volcanoes
Based on the variable morphological expression and the active characteristics of mud volcanoes, Kalinko (1964) grouped them in three main types:
I class—Lokbatan type
This type of mud volcano has a strong, explosive character, always accompanied by the ignition of the emitted gases. Activity periods are short and separated by long, passive periods. Because the extruded mud breccias are usually of low viscosity, this
type of mud volcano forms the well-formed steep conical shape.
II class—Chikishlyar type
In contrast to Lokbatan volcanoes, Chikishlyar mud volcanoes are characterized by calm, relatively weak, and continuous activity. Gases are continuously released in more or less uniform quantities, and numerous vents eject small amounts of gassy
mud and water. These volcanoes usually form very low, flat domes, which merge with the surrounding plane, or plate-shaped depressions that are often filled with water.
III class—Schugin type
Schugin mud volcanoes are transitional ones, sharing qualities with the other two types. Eruptive periods are intermittently replaced by periods of continuous weak activity. This type of mud volcano has the widest global distribution and is
characterized by a wide variety of forms, though they typically build composite craters.

Loch Ness monster

Loch Ness monster statute at the boat ride stop

 

We went to Loch Ness during my recent visit to Edinburgh, not to see the Loch Ness monster but to see the famous Loch Ness which is the second largest Scottish Loch.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loch Ness is the second largest Scottish loch by surface area at 22 sq mi (56 km2) after Loch Lomond, but due to its great depth, it is the largest by volume in the British Isles. Its deepest point is 755 ft (230 m), making it the second deepest loch in Scotland after Loch Morar. A 2016 survey claimed to have discovered a crevice that pushed the depth to 889 ft (271 m) but further research determined it to be a sonar anomaly. It contains more fresh water than all the lakes in England and Wales combined, and is the largest body of water on the Great Glen Fault, which runs from Inverness in the north to Fort William in the south.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Geology

Loch Ness lies along the Great Glen Fault, which forms a line of weakness in the rocks which has been excavated by glacial erosion, forming the Great Glen and the basins of Loch Lochy, Loch Oich and Loch Ness.

It is because it is on the Great Glen Fault that the Loch Ness is so straight (as with the 3rd Ayeyarwaddy defile at Thabeik Kyinn).

 

Loch Ness is narrow and long.

Loch Ness (/ˌlɒx ˈnɛs/; Scottish Gaelic: Loch Nis, [l̪ˠɔxˈniʃ]) is a large, deep, freshwater loch in the Scottish Highlands extending for approximately 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Inverness. Its surface is 52 ft (16 m) above sea level. Loch Ness is best known for alleged sightings of the cryptozoological Loch Ness Monster, also known affectionately as “Nessie”. It is connected at the southern end by the River Oich and a section of the Caledonian Canal to Loch Oich. At the northern end there is the Bona Narrows which opens out into Loch Dochfour, which feeds the River Ness and a further section of canal to Inverness. It is one of a series of interconnected, murky bodies of water in Scotland; its water visibility is exceptionally low due to a high peat content in the surrounding soil.

 

Loch Ness Monster

 

 

Loch Ness is thought by some to be the home of the Loch Ness Monster (also known as “Nessie“), a cryptid, reputedly a large unknown animal. It is similar to other supposed lake monsters in Scotland and elsewhere, though its description varies from one account to the next. Popular interest and belief in the animal’s existence has varied since it was first brought to the world’s attention in 1933.

Spicers (1933)

Modern interest in the monster was sparked by a sighting on 22 July 1933, when George Spicer and his wife saw “a most extraordinary form of animal” cross the road in front of their car. They described the creature as having a large body (about 4 feet (1.2 m) high and 25 feet (8 m) long) and a long, wavy, narrow neck, slightly thicker than an elephant’s trunk and as long as the 10–12-foot (3–4 m) width of the road. They saw no limbs. It lurched across the road towards the loch 20 yards (20 m) away, leaving a trail of broken undergrowth in its wake.

In August 1933 a motorcyclist, Arthur Grant, claimed to have nearly hit the creature while approaching Abriachan (near the north-eastern end of the loch) at about 1 a.m. on a moonlit night. According to Grant, it had a small head attached to a long neck; the creature saw him, and crossed the road back to the loch. Grant, a veterinary student, described it as a cross between a seal and a plesiosaur. He said he dismounted and followed it to the loch, but only saw ripples. Some interpret the story as a humorous explanation of a motorcycle accident.

Sightings of the monster increased after a road was built along the loch in early 1933, bringing workers and tourists to the formerly-isolated area. Sporadic land sightings continued until 1963, when poor-quality film of the creature was shot in the loch from a distance of 4 kilometres (2.5 mi).

This photo was later proved to be a hoax but interest and popularity soared.

 

In folklore, the Loch Ness Monster is an aquatic being which reputedly inhabits Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. It is similar to other supposed lake monsters in Scotland and elsewhere, although its description varies; it is described by most as large. Popular interest and belief in the creature has varied since it was brought to worldwide attention in 1933. Evidence of its existence is anecdotal, with few, disputed photographs and sonar readings.

The most common speculation among believers is that the creature represents a line of long-surviving plesiosaurs.^[5] While adherents of cryptozoology, a pseudoscience, describe the creature as a cryptid,^[6] the scientific community regards the Loch Ness Monster as a myth, explaining sightings as misidentifications of mundane objects, hoaxes, and wishful thinking.^[7] The creature has been affectionately called Nessie^[b] (Scottish Gaelic: Niseag)^[8] since the 1940s.

 

Origins

The word “monster” was reportedly applied for the first time to the creature on 2 May 1933 by Alex Campbell, water bailiff for Loch Ness and a part-time journalist, in an Inverness Courier report.^[10][11][12] On 4 August 1933 the Courier published a report by Londoner George Spicer that several weeks earlier, while they were driving around the loch, he and his wife saw “the nearest approach to a dragon or pre-historic animal that I have ever seen in my life” trundling across the road toward the loch with “an animal” in its mouth.^[13] Letters began appearing in the Courier, often anonymously, claiming land or water sightings by the writer, their family or acquaintances or remembered stories.^[14] The accounts reached the media, which described a “monster fish”, “sea serpent”, or “dragon”^[15] and eventually settled on “Loch Ness monster”.^[16]

On 6 December 1933 the first purported photograph of the monster, taken by Hugh Gray, was published in the Daily Express;^[17] the Secretary of State for Scotland soon ordered police to prevent any attacks on it.^[18] In 1934, interest was further piqued by the “surgeon’s photograph”. That year, R. T. Gould published an account^[19] of the author’s investigation and a record of reports predating 1933. Other authors have claimed sightings of the monster dating to the sixth century AD.

 

History

Saint Columba (565)

The earliest report of a monster in the vicinity of Loch Ness appears in the Life of St. Columba by Adomnán, written in the seventh century AD.^[20] According to Adomnán, writing about a century after the events described, Irish monk Saint Columba was staying in the land of the Picts with his companions when he encountered local residents burying a man by the River Ness. They explained that the man was swimming in the river when he was attacked by a “water beast” which mauled him and dragged him underwater. Although they tried to rescue him in a boat, he was dead. Columba sent a follower, Luigne moccu Min, to swim across the river. The beast approached him, but Columba made the sign of the cross and said: “Go no further. Do not touch the man. Go back at once.”^[21] The creature stopped as if it had been “pulled back with ropes” and fled, and Columba’s men and the Picts gave thanks for what they perceived as a miracle.^[21] The oldest manuscript relating to this story was put online in 2012.^[22]

Believers in the monster point to this story, set in the River Ness rather than the loch itself, as evidence for the creature’s existence as early as the sixth century.^[23] Sceptics question the narrative’s reliability, noting that water-beast stories were extremely common in medieval hagiographies and Adomnán’s tale probably recycles a common motif attached to a local landmark.^[24] According to sceptics, Adomnán’s story may be independent of the modern Loch Ness Monster legend and became attached to it by believers seeking to bolster their claims.^[23] According to R. Binns, this account is the most credible of the early sightings of the monster; all other claims before 1933 are dubious and do not prove a tradition of sightings before that date.^[11]

D. Mackenzie (1871–72)

Pre-1933 sightings of the creature were rare.^[25] In October 1871 (or 1872), D. Mackenzie of Balnain reportedly saw an object resembling a log or an upturned boat “wriggling and churning up the water”. The object moved slowly at first, disappearing at a faster speed.^[26][27] Mackenzie sent his story in a letter to Rupert Gould in 1934, shortly after popular interest in the monster increased.^[27]

William Fraser (1938)

In 1938 William Fraser, chief constable of Inverness-shire, wrote a letter that the monster existed beyond doubt and expressed concern about a hunting party which had arrived (with a custom-made harpoon gun) determined to catch the monster “dead or alive”. He believed his power to protect the monster from the hunters was “very doubtful”. The letter was released by the National Archives of Scotland on 27 April 2010.^[33][34]

C. B. Farrel (1943)

In May 1943, C. B. Farrel of the Royal Observer Corps was reportedly distracted from his duties by a Nessie sighting. He claimed to have been about 230 metres (750 ft) away from a large-eyed, “finned” creature with a 6-to-9-metre (20 to 30 ft) long body and a neck which protruded about 1.2 to 1.5 m (4 to 5 ft) out of the water.^[35]

Sonar readings (1954)

In December 1954, sonar readings were taken by the fishing boat Rival III. Its crew noted a large object keeping pace with the vessel at a depth of 146 metres (479 ft). It was detected for 800 m (2,600 ft) before contact was lost and regained.^[35] Previous sonar attempts were inconclusive or negative.

 

Photos and video

Hugh Gray photograph (1933)

On 12 November 1933, Hugh Gray was walking along the loch after church when he reportedly saw a large creature rising from the lake. Gray took several pictures, but only one was successfully developed. The blurry image appeared to show a creature with a long tail and thick body on the surface of the loch.^[36] Although critics have claimed that the photograph is of Gray’s Labrador Retriever swimming towards the camera (possibly carrying a stick), researcher Roland Watson suggests that there is an eel-like head on the right side of the image.^[37] This is the first known photograph of the creature.

“Surgeon’s photograph” (1934)

The “surgeon’s photograph” is reportedly the first photo of the creature’s head and neck.^[38] Supposedly taken by Robert Kenneth Wilson, a London gynaecologist, it was published in the Daily Mail on 21 April 1934.^[39] Wilson’s refusal to have his name associated with its led to its being known as the “surgeon’s photograph”.^[40] According to Wilson, he was looking at the loch when he saw the monster, grabbed his camera and snapped four photos. Only two exposures came out clearly; the first reportedly shows a small head and back, and the second shows a similar head in a diving position. The first photo became well-known, and the second attracted little publicity because of its blurriness.

Although for a number of years the photo was considered evidence of the monster, sceptics dismissed it as driftwood,^[27] an elephant,^[41] an otter, or a bird. The photo’s scale was controversial; it is often shown cropped (making the creature seem large and the ripples like waves), while the uncropped shot shows the other end of the loch and the monster in the centre. The ripples in the photo were found to fit the size and pattern of small ripples, unlike large waves photographed up close. Analysis of the original image fostered further doubt. In 1993, the makers of the Discovery Communications documentary Loch Ness Discovered analysed the uncropped image and found a white object visible in every version of the photo (implying that it was on the negative). It was believed to be the cause of the ripples, as if the object was being towed, although the possibility of a blemish on the negative could not be ruled out. An analysis of the full photograph indicated that the object was small, about 60 to 90 cm (2 to 3 ft) long.^[40]

Since 1994, most agree that the photo was an elaborate hoax.^[40] It had been accused of being a fake in a 7 December 1975 Sunday Telegraph article which fell into obscurity.^[42] Details of how the photo was taken were published in the 1999 book, Nessie – the Surgeon’s Photograph Exposed, which contains a facsimile of the 1975 Sunday Telegraph article.^[43] The creature was reportedly a toy submarine built by Christian Spurling, the son-in-law of Marmaduke Wetherell. Wetherell had been publicly ridiculed by his employer, the Daily Mail, after he found “Nessie footprints” which turned out to be a hoax. To get revenge on the Mail, Wetherell perpetrated his hoax with co-conspirators Spurling (sculpture specialist), Ian Wetherell (his son, who bought the material for the fake), and Maurice Chambers (an insurance agent).^[44] The toy submarine was bought from F. W. Woolworths, and its head and neck were made from wood putty. After testing it in a local pond the group went to Loch Ness, where Ian Wetherell took the photos near the Altsaigh Tea House. When they heard a water bailiff approaching, Duke Wetherell sank the model with his foot and it is “presumably still somewhere in Loch Ness”.^[27] Chambers gave the photographic plates to Wilson, a friend of his who enjoyed “a good practical joke”. Wilson brought the plates to Ogston’s, an Inverness chemist, and gave them to George Morrison for development. He sold the first photo to the Daily Mail,^[45] who then announced that the monster had been photographed.^[27]

Little is known of the second photo; it is often ignored by researchers, who believe its quality too poor and its differences from the first photo too great to warrant analysis. It shows a head similar to the first photo, with a more turbulent wave pattern and possibly taken at a different time and location in the loch. Some believe it to be an earlier, cruder attempt at a hoax,^[46] and others (including Roy Mackal and Maurice Burton) consider it a picture of a diving bird or otter which Wilson mistook for the monster.^[26] According to Morrison, when the plates were developed Wilson was uninterested in the second photo; he allowed Morrison to keep the negative, and the second photo was rediscovered years later.^[47] When asked about the second photo by the Ness Information Service Newsletter, Spurling ” … was vague, thought it might have been a piece of wood they were trying out as a monster, but [was] not sure.”^[48]

The hoax story is disputed by Henry Bauer, who claims that the debunking is evidence of bias and asks why the perpetrators did not reveal their plot earlier to embarrass the newspaper.^[49] According to Alastair Boyd, a researcher who uncovered the hoax, the Loch Ness Monster is real; the surgeon’s photo hoax does not mean that other photos, eyewitness reports, and footage of the creature are also, and he claims to have seen it.^[50]

Tim Dinsdale disputes the claim that the photograph is a hoax in his book, Loch Ness Monster, after reportedly extensively studying the photograph from a number of angles: “Upon really close examination, there are certain rather obscure features in the picture which have a profound significance.”^[51] Two are a solid object breaking the surface to the right of the neck and a mark to the left and behind the neck.^[52] According to Dinsdale, the objects are either a subtle fake or part of the monster.^[53] Others are vague, small ripples behind the neck, apparently after the neck broke the surface.^[53]

Taylor film (1938)

In 1938, South African tourist G. E. Taylor filmed something in the loch for three minutes on 16 mm colour film. The film was obtained by popular-science writer Maurice Burton, who did not show it to author Peter Costello and the Loch Ness Investigation Bureau.^{[citation needed]} A single frame was published in his 1961 book, The Elusive Monster.

Dinsdale film (1960)

Aeronautical engineer Tim Dinsdale filmed a hump which left a wake crossing Loch Ness in 1960.^[54] Dinsdale, who reportedly had the sighting on his final day of search, described it as reddish with a blotch on its side. He said that when he mounted his camera the object began to move, and he shot 40 feet of film. According to JARIC, the object was “probably animate”.^{[55][third-party source needed]} Others were sceptical, saying that the “hump” cannot be ruled out as being a boat^[56] and when the contrast is increased, a man in a boat can be seen.^[55]

In 1993 Discovery Communications produced a documentary, Loch Ness Discovered, with a digital enhancement of the Dinsdale film. A person who enhanced the film noticed a shadow in the negative which was not obvious in the developed film. By enhancing and overlaying frames, he found what appeared to be the rear body of a creature underwater: “Before I saw the film, I thought the Loch Ness Monster was a load of rubbish. Having done the enhancement, I’m not so sure”.^[50] According to sceptics, the angle of the film from the horizontal and the sun’s angle that day made underwater shadows unlikely.^[57] Although the darker water is coincidentally shaped like a body,^[58] there may be a smaller object (a second hump or a head) in front of the hump.^[58]

“Loch Ness Muppet” (1977)

On 21 May 1977 Anthony “Doc” Shiels, camping next to Urquhart Castle, took “some of the clearest pictures of the monster until this day”.^{[citation needed]} Shiels, a magician and psychic, claimed to have summoned the animal out of the water. He later described it as an “elephant squid”, claiming the long neck shown in the photograph is actually the squid’s “trunk” and that white spot at the base of the neck is its eye. Due to the lack of ripples, it has been declared a hoax by a number of people and received its name because of its staged look.^[59][60][61]

Holmes video (2007)

On 26 May 2007, 55-year-old laboratory technician Gordon Holmes videotaped what he said was “this jet black thing, about 14 metres (46 ft) long, moving fairly fast in the water.”^[62] Adrian Shine, a marine biologist at the Loch Ness 2000 Centre in Drumnadrochit, described the footage as among “the best footage [he had] ever seen.”^[62] BBC Scotland broadcast the video on 29 May 2007.^[63] STV News North Tonight aired the footage on 28 May 2007 and interviewed Holmes. Shine was also interviewed, and suggested that the footage was an otter, seal or water bird.^[64] According to Joe Nickell, the footage shows a beaver or otter swimming in the loch.^[65]

Sonar image (2011)

On 24 August 2011 Loch Ness boat captain Marcus Atkinson photographed a sonar image of a 1.5-metre (4 ft 11 in), unidentified object which seemed to follow his boat for two minutes at a depth of 23 m (75 ft), and ruled out the possibility of a small fish or seal. In April 2012, a scientist from the National Oceanography Centre said that the image is a bloom of algae and zooplankton.^[66]

George Edwards photograph (2011)

On 3 August 2012, skipper George Edwards published what he claimed to be “the most convincing Nessie photograph ever”,^{[citation needed]} which he said he took on 2 November 2011. Edwards’ photograph shows a hump above the water which, he said, remained there for five to ten minutes. According to Edwards, the photograph was independently verified by a Nessie sighting specialist and a group of US military monster experts. Edwards reportedly spent 60 hours per week on the loch aboard his boat, Nessie Hunter IV, on which he takes tourists for rides on the lake and claimed to have searched for the monster for 26 years.^[67][68] Edwards said, “In my opinion, it probably looks kind of like a manatee, but not a mammal. When people see three humps, they’re probably just seeing three separate monsters.”^[69]

Other researchers have questioned the photograph’s authenticity, and Loch Ness researcher Steve Feltham suggested that the object in the water is a fibreglass hump used in a National Geographic Channel documentary in which Edwards had participated.^[70] Researcher Dick Raynor has questioned Edwards’ claim of discovering a deeper bottom of Loch Ness, which Raynor calls “Edwards Deep”. He found inconsistencies between Edwards’ claims for the location and conditions of the photograph and the actual location and weather conditions that day. According to Raynor, Edwards told him he had faked a photograph in 1986 which he claimed was genuine in the Nat Geo documentary.^[71] Although Edwards admitted in October 2013 that his 2011 photograph was a hoax,^[72] he insisted that the 1986 photograph was genuine.^[73]

David Elder video (2013)

On 27 August 2013, tourist David Elder presented a five-minute video of a “mysterious wave” in the loch. According to Elder, the wave was produced by a 4.5 m (15 ft) “solid black object” just under the surface of the water.^[74] Elder, 50, from East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, was taking a picture of a swan at the Fort Augustus pier on the south-western end of the loch,^[75] when he captured the movement.^[76] He said, “The water was very still at the time and there were no ripples coming off the wave and no other activity on the water.”^[76] Sceptics suggested that the wave may have been caused by a wind gust.^[77]

Apple Maps photograph (2014)

On 19 April 2014, it was reported^[4] that a satellite image on Apple Maps showed what appeared to be a large creature (thought by some to be the Loch Ness Monster) just below the surface of Loch Ness. At the loch’s far north, the image appeared about 30 metres (98 ft) long. Possible explanations were the wake of a boat (with the boat itself lost in image stitching or low contrast), seal-caused ripples, or floating wood.^[78][79]

Google Street View (2015)

Google commemorated the 81st anniversary of the “surgeon’s photograph” with a Google Doodle,^[80] and added a new feature to Google Street View with which users can explore the loch above and below the water.^[81][82] Google reportedly spent a week at Loch Ness collecting imagery with a street-view “trekker” camera, attaching it to a boat to photograph above the surface and collaborating with members of the Catlin Seaview Survey to photograph underwater.^[83]

 

Searches

Edward Mountain expedition (1934)

After reading Rupert Gould‘s The Loch Ness Monster and Others,^[19] Edward Mountain financed a search. Twenty men with binoculars and cameras positioned themselves around the loch from 9 am to 6 pm for five weeks, beginning on 13 July 1934. Although 21 photographs were taken, none was considered conclusive. Supervisor James Fraser remained by the loch filming on 15 September 1934; the film is now lost.^[84] Zoologists and professors of natural history concluded that the film showed a seal, possibly a grey seal.^[85]

Loch Ness Phenomena Investigation Bureau (1962–1972)

The Loch Ness Phenomena Investigation Bureau (LNPIB) was a UK-based society formed in 1962 by Norman Collins, R. S. R. Fitter, politician David James, Peter Scott and Constance Whyte^[86] “to study Loch Ness to identify the creature known as the Loch Ness Monster or determine the causes of reports of it.”^[87] The society’s name was later shortened to the Loch Ness Investigation Bureau (LNIB), and it disbanded in 1972. The LNIB had an annual subscription charge, which covered administration. Its main activity was encouraging groups of self-funded volunteers to watch the loch from vantage points with film cameras with telescopic lenses. From 1965 to 1972 it had a caravan camp and viewing platform at Achnahannet, and sent observers to other locations up and down the loch.^[88] According to the bureau’s 1969 annual report ^[89] it had 1,030 members, of whom 588 were from the UK.

Sonar study (1967–1968)

D. Gordon Tucker, chair of the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering at the University of Birmingham, volunteered his services as a sonar developer and expert at Loch Ness in 1968.^[90] His gesture, part of a larger effort led by the LNPIB from 1967 to 1968, involved collaboration between volunteers and professionals in a number of fields. Tucker had chosen Loch Ness as the test site for a prototype sonar transducer with a maximum range of 800 m (2,600 ft). The device was fixed underwater at Temple Pier in Urquhart Bay and directed at the opposite shore, drawing an acoustic “net” across the loch through which no moving object could pass undetected. During the two-week trial in August, multiple targets 6 m (20 ft) in length were identified rising from and diving to the loch bottom. Analysis of diving profiles ruled out air-breathers, because the targets never surfaced or moved shallower than midwater.^{[citation needed]}

Robert Rines studies (1972, 1975, 2001, 2008)

In 1972, a group of researchers from the Academy of Applied Science led by Robert H. Rines conducted a search for the monster involving sonar examination of the loch depths for unusual activity. Rines took precautions to avoid murky water with floating wood and peat.^{[citation needed]} A submersible camera with a floodlight was deployed to record images below the surface. If Rines detected anything on the sonar, he turned the light on and took pictures.

On 8 August Rines’ Raytheon DE-725C sonar unit, operating at a frequency of 200 kHz and anchored at a depth of 11 metres (36 ft), identified a moving target (or targets) estimated by echo strength at 6 to 9 metres (20 to 30 ft) in length. Specialists from Raytheon, Simrad (now Kongsberg Maritime), Hydroacoustics, Marty Klein of MIT and Klein Associates (a side-scan sonar producer) and Ira Dyer of MIT’s Department of Ocean Engineering were on hand to examine the data. P. Skitzki of Raytheon suggested that the data indicated a 3-metre (10 ft) protuberance projecting from one of the echoes. According to author Roy Mackal, the shape was a “highly flexible laterally flattened tail” or the misinterpreted return from two animals swimming together.^[91]

Concurrent with the sonar readings, the floodlit camera obtained a pair of underwater photographs. Both depicted what appeared to be a rhomboid flipper, although sceptics have dismissed the images as the bottom of the loch, air bubbles, a rock, or a fish fin. The apparent flipper was photographed in different positions, indicating movement.^[92] The first flipper photo is better-known than the second, and both were enhanced and retouched from the original negatives. According to team member Charles Wyckoff, the photos were retouched to superimpose the flipper; the original enhancement showed a considerably less-distinct object. No one is sure how the originals were altered.^[93]

British naturalist Peter Scott announced in 1975, on the basis of the photographs, that the creature’s scientific name would be Nessiteras rhombopteryx (Greek for “Ness monster with diamond-shaped fin”).^[94] Scott intended that the name would enable the creature to be added to the British register of protected wildlife. Scottish politician Nicholas Fairbairn called the name an anagram for “Monster hoax by Sir Peter S”.^[95][96]

Another sonar contact was made, this time with two objects estimated to be about 9 metres (30 ft). The strobe camera photographed two large, white, lumpy objects surrounded by a flurry of bubbles. Some interpreted the objects as two plesiosaur-like animals, suggesting several large animals living in Loch Ness. This photograph has rarely been published.

In 2001, Rines’ Academy of Applied Science videotaped a V-shaped wake traversing still water on a calm day. The academy also videotaped an object on the floor of the loch resembling a carcass and found marine clamshells and a fungus-like organism not normally found in freshwater lochs, a suggested connection to the sea and a possible entry for the creature.^[97]

In 2008 Rines theorised that the creature may have become extinct, citing the lack of significant sonar readings and a decline in eyewitness accounts. He undertook a final expedition, using sonar and an underwater camera in an attempt to find a carcass. Rines believed that the animals may have failed to adapt to temperature changes resulting from global warming.^[98]

Operation Deepscan (1987)

Operation Deepscan was conducted in 1987.^[99] Twenty-four boats equipped with echosounder equipment were deployed across the width of the loch, and simultaneously sent acoustic waves. According to BBC News the scientists had made sonar contact with an unidentified object of unusual size.^{[citation needed]} The researchers returned, re-scanning the area. Analysis of the echosounder images seemed to indicate debris at the bottom of the loch, although there was motion in three of the pictures. Adrian Shine speculated, based on size, that they might be seals which had entered the loch.^[100]

Sonar expert Darrell Lowrance, founder of Lowrance Electronics, donated a number of echosounder units used in the operation. After examining a sonar return indicating a large, moving object at a depth of 180 metres (590 ft) near Urquhart Bay, Lowrance said: “There’s something here that we don’t understand, and there’s something here that’s larger than a fish, maybe some species that hasn’t been detected before. I don’t know.”^[101]

Searching for the Loch Ness Monster (2003)

In 2003, the BBC sponsored a search of the loch using 600 sonar beams and satellite tracking. The search had sufficient resolution to identify a small buoy. No animal of substantial size was found and, despite their high hopes, the scientists involved admitted that this proved the Loch Ness Monster was a myth. Searching for the Loch Ness Monster aired on BBC One.^[102]

Explanations

A number of explanations have been suggested to account for sightings of the creature. They may be categorised as misidentifications of known animals, misidentifications of inanimate objects or effects, reinterpretations of Scottish folklore, hoaxes, and exotic species of large animals.

Misidentification of known animals

Bird wakes

Wakes have been reported when the loch is calm, with no boats nearby. Bartender David Munro reported a wake he believed was a creature zigzagging, diving, and reappearing; there were reportedly 26 other witnesses from a nearby car park.^{[93][better source needed]} Although some sightings describe a V-shaped wake similar to a boat’s,^[97] others report something not conforming to the shape of a boat.^[50] Under calm conditions, creatures invisible to the naked eye (such as a group of swimming birds) may leave a V-shaped wake. They can leave the water and land again, leaving a series of wakes like an object breaking the surface (which Dick Raynor cites as a possible explanation of his film).^[103]

Eels

A large eel was an early suggestion.^[18] Eels are found in Loch Ness, and an unusually-large one would explain many sightings.^[104] Dinsdale dismissed the hypotheses, because eels undulate side to side like snakes.^[105] Sightings in 1856 of a “sea-serpent” (or kelpie in a freshwater lake near Leurbost in the Outer Hebrides were explained as those of an oversized eel, also believed common in “Highland lakes””^[106]

On 2 May 2001, two conger eels were found on the shore of the loch. Since that fish is a marine species, they were considered a hoax.^[107]

Elephant

In a 1979 article, California biologist Dennis Power and geographer Donald Johnson claimed that the “surgeon’s photograph” was the top of the head, extended trunk and flared nostrils of a swimming elephant photographed elsewhere and claimed to be from Loch Ness.^[41] In 2006, palaeontologist and artist Neil Clark suggested that travelling circuses might have allowed elephants to bathe in the loch; the trunk could be the perceived head and neck, with the head and back the perceived humps. In support of this, Clark provided a painting.^[108]

Greenland shark

Angler and television presenter Jeremy Wade investigated the creature in 2013 as part of the series River Monsters, and concluded that it is a Greenland shark. The Greenland shark, which can reach up to 20 feet in length, inhabits the North Atlantic Ocean around Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and possibly Scotland. It is dark in colour, with a small dorsal fin.^[109] According to biologist Bruce Wright, the Greenland shark could survive in fresh water (possibly using rivers and lakes to find food) and Loch Ness has an abundance of salmon and other fish.^[110][111]

Wels catfish

In July 2015 three news outlets reported that Steve Feltham, after a vigil at the loch which was recognized by the Guinness Book of Records, theorised that the monster is an unusually-large specimen of Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) which may have been released during the late 19th century.^{[112][113][114]}

Resident animals

It is difficult to judge the size of an object in water through a telescope or binoculars with no external reference. Loch Ness has resident otters, and photos of them and deer swimming in the loch which were cited by author Ronald Binns^[115] may have been misinterpreted. According to Binns, birds may be mistaken for a “head and neck” sighting.^[116]

Seals

During the 1930s, Dutch zoologist Antoon Cornelis Oudemans proposed that the creature might be an unknown form of long-necked pinniped (semi-aquatic mammal, including the seals). In 1892, he concluded that several sightings of sea serpents were probably large, plesiosaur-like pinnipeds and named a hypothetical species of long-necked pinniped Megophias megophias. According to Oudemans, the Loch Ness Monster was a freshwater version of Megophias megophias.^{[citation needed]}

A number of photographs and a video have confirmed the presence of seals in the loch for as long as several months at a time.^[117][118] In 1934 the Edward Mountain expedition analysed film taken that year and concluded that the monster was a species of seal; a Daily Mirror headline read, “Loch Ness Riddle Solved – Official”.^[119] A long-necked seal was hypothesised by Peter Costello for Nessie and for other reported lake monsters.^[120] According to R. T. Gould, “A grey seal has a long and surprisingly extensible neck; it swims with a paddling action; its colour fits the bill; and there is nothing surprising in its being seen on the shore of the loch, or crossing a road.”^[19] This explains sightings of lake monsters on land in which the creature reportedly waddled into the loch when startled, consistent with seal behaviour.^[120] Seals would account for sonar traces of animate objects. However, it has been argued that all known pinnipeds sunbathe on land during the day.^[121]

Misidentifications of inanimate objects or effects

Trees

In 1933, the Daily Mirror published a picture with the caption: “This queerly-shaped tree-trunk, washed ashore at Foyers [on Loch Ness] may, it is thought, be responsible for the reported appearance of a ‘Monster'”.^[122] In a 1982 series of articles for New Scientist, Maurice Burton proposed that sightings of Nessie and similar creatures may be fermenting Scots pine logs rising to the surface of the loch. A decomposing log could not initially release gases caused by decay because of its high resin level. Gas pressure would eventually rupture a resin seal at one end of the log, propelling it through the water (sometimes to the surface). According to Burton, the shape of tree logs (with their branch stumps) closely resembles descriptions of the monster.^{[123][124][125]}

Four Scottish lochs, including Loch Morar, Loch Ness and Loch Lomond, are very deep. Only lochs with pine forests on their shores have monster legends; Loch Lomond, with no such forests, does not. Gaseous emissions and surfactants resulting from log decay can cause the foamy wake reported in some sightings, and beached pine logs showing evidence of deep-water fermentation have been found. However, believers say that some lakes have reports of monsters despite an absence of pines; one example is the Irish lough monsters.^{[126][better source needed]}

Seiches and wakes

Loch Ness, because of its long, straight shape, is subject to unusual ripples affecting its surface. A seiche is a large oscillation of a lake, caused by water reverting to its natural level after being blown to one end of the lake (resulting in a standing wave); the Loch Ness oscillation period is 31.5 minutes.^[127]

Boat wakes can produce strange effects in the loch. As a wake spreads from a boat passing the centre of the loch, it hits both sides almost simultaneously and deflects back to meet in the middle. The movement produces standing waves larger than the original wake, which may appear humped. Since the boat has passed, the unusual waves are all that can be seen.^[128][129]

Optical effects

Wind conditions can give a choppy, matte appearance to the water, with calm patches appearing dark from the shore (reflecting the mountains). In 1979 W. H. Lehn showed that atmospheric refraction could distort the shape and size of objects and animals,^[130] and later published a photograph of a mirage of a rock on Lake Winnipeg which resembled a head and neck.^[131]

Seismic gas

Italian geologist Luigi Piccardi has proposed geological explanations for ancient legends and myths. Piccardi noted that in the earliest recorded sighting of a creature (the Life of Saint Columba), the creature’s emergence was accompanied “cum ingenti fremitu” (“with loud roaring”). The Loch Ness is along the Great Glen Fault, and this could be a description of an earthquake. Many reports consist only of a large disturbance on the surface of the water; this could be a release of gas through the fault, although it may be mistaken for something swimming below the surface.^[132]

According to Ronald Binns, there is probably no one explanation of the monster. A wide range of natural phenomena have been hypothesised, including otters, swimming deer, and unusual waves. Binns wrote that an aspect of human psychology is the ability of the eye to see what it wants, and expects, to see.^[11]

Folklore

In 1980 Swedish naturalist and author Bengt Sjögren wrote that present beliefs in lake monsters such as the Loch Ness Monster are associated with kelpie legends. According to Sjögren, accounts of loch monsters have changed over time; originally describing horse-like creatures, they were intended to keep children away from the loch. Sjögren wrote that the kelpie legends have developed into descriptions reflecting a modern awareness of plesiosaurs..^[133]

The kelpie as a water horse in Loch Ness was mentioned in an 1879 Scottish newspaper,^[134] and inspired Tim Dinsdale‘s Project Water Horse.^[135] A study of pre-1933 Highland folklore references to kelpies, water horses and water bulls indicated that Ness was the loch most frequently cited.^[136]

Hoaxes

A number of hoax attempts have been made, some of which were successful. Other hoaxes were revealed rather quickly by the perpetrators or exposed after diligent research. A few examples follow.

In August 1933, Italian journalist Francesco Gasparini submitted what he said was the first news article on the Loch Ness Monster. In 1959, he reported sighting a “strange fish” and fabricated eyewitness accounts: “I had the inspiration to get hold of the item about the strange fish. The idea of the monster had never dawned on me, but then I noted that the strange fish would not yield a long article, and I decided to promote the imaginary being to the rank of monster without further ado.”^[137]

In the 1930s, big-game hunter Marmaduke Wetherell went to Loch Ness to look for the monster. Wetherell claimed to have found footprints, but when casts of the footprints were sent to scientists for analysis they turned out to be from a hippopotamus; a prankster had used a hippopotamus-foot umbrella stand.^[138]

In 1972 a team of zoologists from Yorkshire’s Flamingo Park Zoo, searching for the monster, discovered a large body floating in the water. The corpse, 4.9–5.4 m (16–18 ft) long and weighing as much as 1.5 tonnes, was described by the Press Association as having “a bear’s head and a brown scaly body with clawlike fins.” The creature was placed in a van to be carried away for testing, but police seized the cadaver under an act of parliament prohibiting the removal of “unidentified creatures” from Loch Ness. It was later revealed that Flamingo Park education officer John Shields shaved the whiskers and otherwise disfigured a bull elephant seal which had died the week before and dumped it in Loch Ness to dupe his colleagues.^{[citation needed]} On 2 July 2003, Gerald McSorely a fossil supposedly from the creature when he tripped and fell into the loch. After examination, it was clear that the fossil had been planted.^[107]

In 2004 a Five TV documentary team, using cinematic special-effects experts, tried to convince people that there was something in the loch. They constructed an animatronic model of a plesiosaur, calling it “Lucy”. Despite setbacks (including Lucy falling to the bottom of the loch), about 600 sightings were reported where she was placed.^[139][140]

In 2005, two students claimed to have found a large tooth embedded in the body of a deer on the loch shore. They publicised the find, setting up a website, but expert analysis soon revealed that the “tooth” was the antler of a muntjac.^[141] The tooth was a publicity stunt to promote a horror novel by Steve Alten, The Loch.^[107]

In 2007, a video reportedly showing Nessie jumping into the air appeared on YouTube. It was unmasked by eSkeptic as an advertisement for Sony Pictures’ The Water Horse,^[142] since the video contained footage from the film.

Exotic large-animal species

Plesiosaur

In 1933 it was suggested that the creature “bears a striking resemblance to the supposedly extinct plesiosaur“,^[143] a long-necked aquatic reptile which became extinct during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. A popular explanation at the time, the following arguments have been made against it:

• Plesiosaurs were probably cold-blooded reptiles needing warm tropical waters; the average temperature of Loch Ness is only about 5.5 °C (42 °F).^[144] If the plesiosaurs were warm-blooded, they would require a food supply beyond that supplied by Loch Ness.^[145]
• In an October 2006 New Scientist article, “Why the Loch Ness Monster is no plesiosaur”, Leslie Noè of the Sedgwick Museum in Cambridge said: “The osteology of the neck makes it absolutely certain that the plesiosaur could not lift its head up swan-like out of the water”.^[146]
• The loch is only about 10,000 years old, dating to the end of the last ice age. Before then, it was frozen for about 20,000 years.^[147]
• If creatures similar to plesiosaurs lived in Loch Ness they would be seen frequently, since they would have to surface several times a day to breathe.^[100]

In response to these criticisms, Tim Dinsdale, Peter Scott and Roy Mackal postulate a trapped marine creature which evolved from a plesiosaur directly or by convergent evolution.^[148] Robert Rines explained that the “horns” in some sightings as breathing tubes (or nostrils), allowing it to breathe without breaking the surface.

Long-necked giant amphibian

R. T. Gould suggested a long-necked newt;^[19][149] Roy Mackal examined the possibility, giving it the highest score (88 percent) on his list of possible candidates.^[150]

Invertebrate

In 1968 F. W. (Ted) Holiday proposed that Nessie and other lake monsters, such as Morag, may be a large invertebrate such as a bristleworm; he cited the extinct Tullimonstrum as an example of the shape.^[151] According to Holiday, this explains the land sightings and the variable back shape; he likened it to the medieval description of dragons as “worms”. Although this theory was considered by Mackal, he found it less convincing than eels, amphibians or plesiosaurs.^[

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interesting aprons I have seen

Aprons as I understand are mainly used while cooking.

An apron is an outer protective garment that covers primarily the front of the body. It may be worn for hygienic reasons as well as in order to protect clothes from wear and tear, or else due to a symbolic meaning.

The apron is commonly part of the uniform of several work categories, including waitresses, nurses, and domestic workers. Many homemakers also wear them. It is also worn as a decorative garment by women. Aprons are also worn in many commercial establishments to protect workers clothes from damage, mainly bib aprons, but also others such as blacksmith or farrier aprons.

In addition to cloth, aprons can be made from a variety of materials. Rubber aprons are commonly used by persons working with dangerous chemicals, and lead aprons are commonly worn by persons such as X-ray technicians who work near radiation. Aprons, such as those used by carpenters, may have many pockets to hold tools. Waterproof household aprons, made of oilcloth or PVC are suitable for cooking and washing dishes.

There are other “aprons” such as Airport apron and Blue Apron.

However, the aprons I am writing about here are those used in the kitchen for cooking or washing utensils after cooking and eating meals.

I have seen interesting aprons on sale in different countries in Europe. What caught my eye were 2 aprons being sold in Rome. I’ll show them at the end of the blog. First I want to say that these different interesting aprons reflect different tastes of the citizens.

Here is the apron sold in Edinburgh

 

This is the one being sold in Paris

This reflects the attutude of the French and the Scots and their preferences and sensibilities.

However, I find the following aprons being sold in Rome, Italy.

and also

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

here are aprons sold in Venice, Italy

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pareinma ပရိမၼ, Kyansittha’s က်န္စစ္သား / ကလန္ စစ္သာ birthplace

 

Every Myanmar knows about Kyansit min / king Kyansittha, but not everyone knows where he was born.

 

Kyansit min / King Kyansitthar က်န္စစ္သား / ကလန္ စစ္သာ

 

King Kyansittha was born in Pareinma ပရိမၼ / Payeimma, Sagaing_far from the capital Bagan. It is located on the northern bank of the Chindwin river not far from where it joins the Ayeyarwaddy.

 

 

Although there are differences regarding the birth date of King Kyansittha as mentioned in various chronicles, it is generally accepted that he was born 21 July 1030 Tuesday, 5th waning of Wagaung 392 ME

There also has been much controversy regarding his ancestry. There has been traditional stories concerning the origin of his name and this too has been debated by those who hold different views.

 

It is mentioned that Pyinsa Kalayni (Burmese: ပဉ္စကလျာဏီ [pjɪ̀ɴsa̰ kəljənì]) was the mother of King Kyansittha of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). Burmese chronicles give many inconsistent stories about her, her son and her brief husband Anawrahta. Most are regarded as legends.

She was a princess of Wethali Kingdom, who was sent to marry Anawrahta by her father the ruler of Wethali. Wethali / Vesali is in the present-day Rakhine State and was the capital of Rakhine at the time and just north of the present day Mrauk U.

 

However, although it has been written that the name of the princess was Pyinsa Kalayni (Burmese: ပဉ္စကလျာဏီ [pjɪ̀ɴsa̰ kəljənì]) I believe there is an error and that the real name is Pyinsar Kalayarni (Burmese: ပဉ္စာကလျာဏီ because at the time of Anawratha, Vesali no longer was the Rakhine capital but Pyinsar ပဉ္စာ was.

 

The Waytharli ေ၀သာလီ / Vesali era ended AD 794, well before the reign of Anawratha. This was followed by the capital being built at Sambawak by Saw Shwe Lu (Nga Tong Mong) who moved the capital again to the Le Mro river valley and established Pyinsa. There followed a period of the shifting of the capital to Parein, Taung Ngu and Laungkret / ေလာင္းၾကက္ all on the Le Mro river_hence the river came to be known as Le Mro / ေလးျမိဳ႕ (meaning 4 cities in Rakhine language and also in Burmese too although pronounced differently).

 

Wikipedia: On her way to Pagan, she (Pyinsa Kalayni) became intimately involved with Yazataman, the Pagan official charged with guarding her. The official dispersed her retinue of 80_a few at a stop on their way to Bagan. At Pagan, she was married to Anawrahta. Soon after the marriage, Yazataman reportedly pointed out to Anawrahta that she could not be a true royal princess because she lacked a retinue. Anawrahta then banished Pyinsa Kalayni, who was then pregnant, an area near Sagaing _Pareinma. There, she gave birth to Kyansittha and raised him by herself.

The chronicle stories here are filled with many inconsistencies. The chronicles claim that Anawrahta was already king when Pyinsa Kalayni was sent. But Anawrahta did not become king until 1044. Kyansittha was born in 1030. Moreover, it was unlikely that the ruler of Wethali would have sent his daughter to Anawrahta who until 1044 was a prince but not to Sokkate, the king himself. The chronicles also claim that Anawrahta tried to kill off all babies in the year that Kyansittha was born because his astrologers predicted that a newborn would be king. Again, Anawrahta was not the king.

 

There are stories regarding the killing of pregnant women earlier on Anawratha’s orders because of the astrologers (ponnas) first predicted that the future king will be born in the north. ေျမာက္အရပ္မွာ မင္းေလာင္းေပၚမည္။ This is also in contradiction to the tradition that Pyinsa Kalayni was his mother. If it were so, why were other pregnant women killed too? It would be sufficient to order the killing of Pyinsa Kalayarni as her whereabouts would be known to the authorities. Anyway, as has been passed on, the pregnant Pyinsa Kalayarni managed to evade the killers and the future king was born at Pareinma.

There was another episode in which Anawratha asked the astrologers about the future king and on being told that the boy was still alive and attending the monastery school, boys that age were killed on Anawratha’s orders but Kyansittha managed to elude the killers and lived on. It was much later that Anawratha asked the astrologers about the topic again. This time, they said the young man was still alive and also the fact that he would not be successor of Anawratha but only that of the next king. Anawratha was relieved that this future king will do him no harm. He had him searched for and brought to Bagan. As a survivor of multiple purges, he was called Kyansittha_ the soldier (army officer) who remains” / က်န္စစ္သား in Burmese.

 

It has also been mentioned in Wikipedia that_History shows that Anawrahta did not seem to know (or care) about her alleged affair with Yazataman, and believed that Kyansittha was his son. He recalled Kyansittha to Pagan in the mid-1050s, and appointed the 15-year-old Kyansittha a senior commander in his army. Only the royalty could become a senior commander at a young age. However, actually, Kyansittha would be in his mid 20s at the time as he was born in 1030.

The fact that Kyansitthar was the son of Anawrahta is completely a made-up story by later historians. The inscription by Kyansithar himself described that his paternal ancestors decended from sun အာဒၵိစ ေနမ်ိဳး၊ and his maternal ancestors from oake-shit thee ဥသွ်စ္သီးမ်ိဳး. He claimed himself to be reincarnation of Vishnu ဗိႆႏိုး နတ္မင္းႀကီး ၀င္စား သူျဖစ္. If he were the son of Anawrahta, there is no reason to have written like that and hid the truth. So he clearly was a commoner without any royal lineage, but could reunite the country during anarchy period after war between Sawlu and Ngayamankan.

ေရႊစည္းခံု ေက်ာက္စာ စစခ်င္း- ငါသည္ ၿဂီေကၼၾတ (ပ်ဴၿမိဳ ႔ေတာ္) ကိုတည္ေသာ ဗိႆႏိုး နတ္မင္းႀကီး ၀င္စား သူျဖစ္ ေတာ့သည္ လို႔ တြယ္လိုက္ပါတယ္။ ဖခင္ က အာဒၵိစ ေနမ်ိဳး၊ မိခင္ က ဥသွ်စ္သီးမ်ိဳး လို႔ေရး ပါတယ္။ အနိ ရုဒၶ ရဲ ႔သားလို႔ ဒီေက်ာက္စာ မွာလည္း မေတြ႔၊ ဘယ္ေခတ္ၿပိဳင္ ေက်ာက္စာ မွာမွ မေတြ႔ရပါ။

ထိလိုင္မင္ ကို အနိ ရုဒၶ ရဲ ႔သား ဆိုတဲ့ အဆိုကို ပယ္ၿပီး ငတပါးမင္း လို႔ယူရ ပါမယ္။ အမ်ား သူငါ ထဲမွာ အစြမ္း အစ အရွိဆံုး က်န္ေန ရစ္တဲ့ စစ္သား ႀကီး မို႔ က်န္စစ္သား လို႔ေခၚတယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ စကား ဟာလည္း ရီစရာ ေတာင္ေကာင္း ေလာက္ေအာင္ လြဲပါတယ္။ ကလန္ စစ္သာ လို႔ ေက်ာက္စာ မွာ ေတြ႔ ရတာ ေတာ့ရွိတယ္။ ကလန္ ဆိုတာ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရး အရာ ရွိ ရာထူး၊ စစ္သာ ဆိုတာ အမ်ားသံုး ခုေခတ္ စစ္သား မဟုတ္။ စစ္သား လို႔ အဲဒီ ေခတ္က မေခၚ၊ စစ္ သူရဲ လို႔သာ ေခၚပါတယ္။ စစ္သာ က ရိုးရာ အလိုက္ ၿမိဳ ႔နယ္ ေက်းရြာ ကိုအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ ရသူ လို႔ အဓိပၸါယ္ ရတယ္။ ၀မ္းတြင္း ၿမိဳ ႔နယ္၊ ထီးလိွဳင္ ၿမိဳ ႔သူႀကီး၊ ရြာသူႀကီး လို႔ေျပာတာပါ။

 

Pareinma is a village with many pagodas commemorating the early life of Kyansittha there.

Ein Taw Yar pagoda အိမ္ေတာ္ရာ ေစတီ

The Ein Taw Yar pagoda အိမ္ေတာ္ရာ ေစတီ ´

The Ein Taw Yar pagoda အိမ္ေတာ္ရာ ေစတီ ´(က်န္စစ္သား မင္းေနခဲ့သည္ ့ အိမ္ေနရာ တြင္ တည္ထားသည္) is built on the site where the boy Kyansittha (his childhood name is not known) and his mother’s house was.

 

Hinn Kharr temple `ဟင္းခါးဂူ ေစတီေတာ္

Hinn Kharr temple `ဟင္းခါးဂူ ေစတီေတာ္

Another is the Hinn Kharr temple `ဟင္းခါးဂူ ေစတီေတာ္´ (က်န္စစ္သား မယ္ေတာ္ ဟင္းခါး ခ်က္ေသာက္ခဲ့ ေသာ ေနရာ တြင္ တည္ထားသည္) built on the spot where Kyansittha’s mother cooked Hinn Kharr (bitter) soup.

 

Areindamar pagoda `အရိႏၵမာ ေစတီေတာ္´

Areindamar pagoda `အရိႏၵမာ ေစတီေတာ္´

There is the Areindamar pagoda `အရိႏၵမာ ေစတီေတာ္´ (က်န္စစ္သား လွံကစားရာ ေတာင္ဘက္၌ လွံသြားက်ေရာက္သည့္ ေနရာတြင္ တည္ထားသည္) where the Areindamar lance fell. This episode must have happened during the time when Kyansittha ran into hiding, taking the Areindamar lance with him. It shows that Kyansittha sojourned in Pareinma at least for a while during his first escapade from king’s Anawratha’s wrath although his first exile (1070s – 1077) was mostly at Kaungbyu (likely in the Sagaing District), and where he got married to Thanbula, niece of the head abbot of the local monastery. He was in his early 30s (actually was in his 40s). He lived there for the remainder of Anawrahta’s reign until 1077.

Enormous lion of the Hti Hlaing Shin pagoda ထီးလိွဳင္႐ွင္ ျခ ေသၤ့ ၾကီး

The lion of the Hti Hlaing Shin pagoda ထီးလိွဳင္႐ွင္ ျခ ေသၤ့ ၾကီး

On the bank of the Chindwin river is the enormous lion of the Hti Hlaing Shin pagoda ထီးလိွဳင္႐ွင္ ျခ ေသၤ့ ၾကီး တည္ေနရာ ၊ ၊ ခ်င္းတြင္းျမစ္ ကမ္းနဖူး built by King Kyansittha after he became king. There is only one lion statute ထူးျခားခ်က္ ၊ ၊ တစ္ေကာင္ တည္း႐ွိျခင္း၊ ပါးစပ္ ရာ ဇဝင္ မ်ား အရ ပံုျပင္ဆန္၍ အမ်ား စိတ္ဝင္စား ၾကျခင္း which is peculiar as there are usually 2 lions elsewhere.

 

View of the Hti Hlaing Shin pagoda from the river side

 

Pareinma is a nice place with splendid sunset views.

sunset view of the Chindwin at Pareinma

 

sunset view of the Chindwin at Pareinma

After King Kyansittha’s death, Pareinma faded into peaceful oblivion until early this year, 2015, when there was a noviciation ceremony of grandiose scale nearby, and the news made national headlines.

 

For the sake of those who cannot read Burmese, I will write about the 5000 novice ceremony, but I advise Burmese reading visitors to read the news extract about it and the news articles in Burmese towards the end of the blog following the post script.

 

The 5000 novices initiating ceremony

The 5000 novices initiating ceremony was held near the Pareinma village, Myaung townshop, Sagaing Region 15 May to 1 June 2015 by the Shwe Than Lwin Company (Sky Net) under the guidance of the Koe Hse Has Sayardaw ကုိးဆယ္ဆအနႏၲေမတၱာရွင္ ဆရာေတာ္, amounting to the total of 50000 lakhs kyats (5000,000,000 Kts / 5 Billion). It is the most elaborate ceremony seen in recent years and 5000 boys of 10 to 16 years age in Sagaing Region and the Pa O, Shan, Kayin, Mon and Naga boys from afar, all of them who have not been initiated previously entered novicehood. It has been arranged since February by an abbot / sayardaw of Magyibote village monastery မက်ည္း ဘုတ္ ရြာေက်ာင္း.

Eveyday, over 10,000 people are being fed in relation to the ceremonies which will last till the end of the May.

 

The main ceremony hall and the dining hall are built on the 3 acre groundnut fields outside Buu Kaing village, along with buildings for the novices, clinic, information centre and toilets.

 

Opening ceremony 15 May 2015

The opening ceremony was held on 15-May.

The donors of the Shwe Than Lwin Company (Sky Net)

 

The would be novices ရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ား

The ceremonial procession was led by the elders holding the flowers for Buddha and Pa-riek water pots.

 

Next came the Buddha image vehicle in the shape of a Nagar (dragon) breathing out smoke.

the Buddha image vehicle in the shape of a Nagar (dragon) breathing out smoke

Galon ဂဠဳံ, a mythical bird

Then comes the Galon, a mythical bird, followed by elephants, horses, ceremonial bullock carts, and people in Bagan, Ava and Konebaung style attire.

the first of the 9 elephants with the to be novice ရွင္ေလာင္း

another of the 9 elephants with the novice to be ဆင္စီးရွင္ေလာင္း

 

novices to be on 108 horses ျမင္းစီးရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ား

novices to be on 1 of 90 ceremonial bullock carts လွည္းယာဥ္ေၾကာ႔စီးရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ား

 

ceremonial bullock cart with novices to be ႏြား လွည္းယဥ္ေၾကာ့စီး ရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ား

 

 

Bagan era attire

There are many people looking on along the route, amounting to tens of thousands. The famous traditional opera star Mandalay Thein Zaw performed the ceremonial rites.

In the central hall are Chinese style dragons and the statutes of the 7 day animals_Galon, tiger, lion, elephant, 1 tusk elephant (hine ဟိုင္း), guinea pig, rat and nagar (dragon).

The procession route is from the central hall to the Hti Hlaing Shin pagoda at the Pareinma village about 4 miles away and includes 9 elephants, 108 horses, 90 gold and silver carts and over a thousand people.

the 9 elephants with the to be novices ဆင္စီးရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ား

novices to be on 108 horses ျမင္းစီးရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ား

 

the 90 gold and silver carts with novices to be ႏြား လွည္းယဥ္ေၾကာ့စီး ရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ား

 

1 of the 90 gold and silver carts with a novice to be ႏြား လွည္းယဥ္ေၾကာ့စီး ရွင္ေလာင္း

 

another of the 90 gold and silver carts with novice to be ႏြား လွည္းယဥ္ေၾကာ့စီး ရွင္ေလာင္း

 

The future novices are feted by the famous traditional actors Mandalay Thein Zaw and Nann Win with the Mandalay Sein Duwa orchestra (saing ah phwet ဆိုင္းအဖြဲ့). Included also are the near extinct 90 ceremonial bullock carts ႏြား လွည္းယဥ္ေၾကာ့မ်ား.

There are music and dance entertainment at nights.

Free food has been offered to all for months.

For the ceremonial day 2559 monks including many famous Sayardaws / monks have been invited.

On the 16-May, donor of the day meal for the 5000 novices and 1000 senior monks, President U Than Sein, Daw Khin Khin Win and family will arrive and present the meal. That day famous singer Daw Yi Yi Thant and other Myanmar traditional singers will perform.

Beginning from 17 May, the novices will be taught Buddhism and meditation for 10 days.

From 20 – 24 May, Sayardaws will preach about the way to Nirvana.

On 28 and 29 May, Pho Chit traditional troupe will entertain the public.

Over 3 billion kyats 30,000 lakhs have been donated for the Koe Hse Hsa social associations in surrounding villages of Myaung township.

On the early morning of 16 May, since 3 a.m., the day of the water pouring donation ceremony, unexpected heavy rains and winds bring about havoc at the ceremony hall and novice halls with water entering the halls and damaging some halls.

After the rains

 

the novice hall

 

the damage

The water pouring donation ceremony has been postponed to 24 May and the novices returned to where they come from.

 

the novices returned to where they come from.

 

 

the novices returned to where they come from.

 

Post script

Last, but not least, I would like to mention my thanks to various persons who helped me to write this article / post. First, to my younger son Linn Zaw Win who encouraged me to resume my posts, by sending me discussions he had online with his friends about my earlier posts. I thought no one cares about my posts but was surprised that they read and like some of my posts. I reviewed my posts on WordPress and found on the first page, the blog Htihlaing Shin ထီးလႈိင္ရွင္ Kyansittha က်န္စစ္သား / ကလန္ စစ္သား posted April 3, 2012. This led to my discussion with LZW about my later knowledge about the location of Hti Hlaing which I did not know at the time. He encouraged me to write a blog regarding Pareinma and Hti Hlaing but although I have intended to extend it to include other places in Kyansittha’s life also, I have shortened the topic to Pareinma only so that I can finish and post earlier and readers will not be burdened by a too long blog.

I have to thank Min Zaw Htun, a friend in my company who was born in the Buu Kaing village, near Pareinma and later moved to Myingyan. He told me about Parienma after we discussed the 5000 novices donation ႐ွင္၅၀၀၀ ေထာင္အလွူ held outside his village during the hot season ေႏြ of 2015.

I searched for more data than I had read about on the internet and found 2 sites, the Pareinma – ပရိမၼ.FB and the King Kyan Sis Thar FB sites which gave me a lot of information about Pareinma that I had not known, in addition to the Wikipedia (where everyone has to turn to in order to get facts) and the travel sites.

My special thanks to King Kyan Sis Thar FB site which shared my Htihlaing Shin ထီးလႈိင္ရွင္ Kyansittha က်န္စစ္သား / ကလန္ စစ္သား blog and also to the ၿမိတ္ခရိုင္ စာေရးဆရာ မ်ား အသင္း FB site who shared my photo of Myeik taken on the memorable cruise trip to Kawthaung, Ranong and Myeik with the m.v. Thanlwin. They liked my blog and photo and thought it worth sharing so more have seen the shared blog and photo (with caption_short note, which I took care to write on most of my posted photos although few seem to care about them, only taking in having a look at the photos).

I first intended to use this postscript as an epilogue, but have saved this for the end of my blog and so, only the news about the 5000 novices initiation ceremony in Myanmar follows.

 

 

 

 

 

ရွင္အပါး ငါးေထာင္အလွဴ

 

ေရႊသံလြင္ကုမၸဏီမွ ျပဳလုပ္ေသာ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴပြဲ

ျပည္ေထာင္စုသမၼတ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံေတာ္အစုိးရအဖြဲ႕၏ ပါရမီကုသုိလ္ ပ့ံပုိးကူညီေဆာင္ရြက္လွဴ ဒါန္းမႈျဖင့္

ရန္ကုန္တုိင္းေဒသႀကီး သံဃနာယကအဖြဲ႕ ဥကၠ႒ ဆရာေတာ္ ဘဒၵႏၲဣဒၶိဗလ အဂၢမဟာ သဒၵမၼ ေဇာတိကဓဇ၊ ေဇယ်ာလူမႈထူးခြၽန္ ပထမအဆင့္၊ “ကုိးဆယ္ဆအနႏၲေမတၱာရွင္ ဆရာေတာ္” မွ ဦးစီးဦးေဆာင္၍

စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီးအစုိးရအဖြဲ႕၊ ၀န္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ဦးသာေအး က ဦးေဆာင္ေကာ္မတီဖြဲ႕စည္းၿပီး၊

ေရႊသံလြင္ ကုမၸဏီမိသားစုတုိ႔မွ မတည္လွဴဒါန္း

သာသနာ့ဒါယကာ သာ သနာ့ဒါယိကာမအျဖစ္ ေရႊသံလြင္ မိသားစုကုမၸဏီမွ ရွင္အပါး ငါး ေထာင္ရွင္ျပဳအလွဴပြဲႀကီးကို ေမ လ ၁၅ ရက္မွ ဇြန္လ ၁ ရက္အထိ က်င္းပလ်က္ရွိသည္။

ယင္းအလွဴအတန္းပြဲႀကီးကုိ စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္း၀န္ႀကီးခ်ုဳပ္ ဦးသာေအး၊ေရႊသံလြင္ကုမၸဏီ( Sky Net )တို႔က
သိန္းေပါင္း ငါးေသာင္းအကုန္အက်ခံ၍ က်င္းပေသာ ရွင္ ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴႀကီးျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

 

ျမန္မာျပည္အရပ္ရပ္မွ တိုင္း ရင္းသားေပါင္း စုံ ရွင္သာမေဏေလာင္း လ်ာ ငါးေထာင္ေက်ာ္တို႔အား ရွစ္ ပါးပရိကၡရာစုံလင္ စြာျဖင့္ ပဗၺဇၨအေမြ ရွင္သာမေဏျပဳေပးျခင္း အလႉ ေတာ္မဂၤလာ

စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီးအတြင္းရွိ ရွင္မျပဳရေသးသည့္ ကေလးငယ္မ်ားအား ရွင္ျပဳေပးသည့္ အလွဴေတာ္မဂၤလာပြဲ

စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီးအတြင္းရွိ ရွင္မျပဳရေသးသည့္ တုိင္းရင္းသားေပါင္းစုံ ရွင္သာမေဏ ေလာင္းလ်ာ ၅၀၀၀ တုိ႔အား သာသနာ့ေဘာင္အတြင္းသုိ႔ သြတ္သြင္းျခင္း မဂၤလာ

စစ္ကိုင္းတုိင္းအတြင္း ရွင္မျပဳရေသး တဲ့ ကေလးငယ္ေတြ သာမက ပအို႔ဝ္၊ ရွမ္း၊ ကရင္၊ မြန္၊ နာဂ စတဲ့ တုိင္းရင္းသားကေလးငယ္ ေတြ ပါဝင္ခဲ့တယ္။

 

ယင္းအလႉပြဲတြင္ သာမေဏ မ်ား ႀကီးၾကပ္တာဝန္ယူထားေသာ မက်ည္း ဘုတ္ ရြာေက်ာင္းမွ ဆရာ ေတာ္တစ္ပါးက ”ေဖေဖာ္ဝါရီ လ ေလာက္ က တည္းက စီစဥ္ေနတာ ပါ။ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္က ေက်ာင္းတိုက္ အသီးသီးက ဆရာေတာ္ေတြကလဲ ဒီမွာလာၿပီး စီစဥ္ေပးၾက တယ္။ တစ္ခါမွ ရွင္မျပဳ ဖူးေသး တဲ့ အသက္ ၁၀ ႏွစ္ကေန ၁၆ ႏွစ္အတြင္း ကေလး ငယ္ေတြ ကို ေက်းရြာ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရး မႉးေတြကတစ္ဆင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏျပဳ ဖို႔ စာရင္းေပး ခိုင္းရပါတယ္။ ေန႔စဥ္ ပရိသတ္ ေသာင္းခ်ီကို စတုဒိသာ ေကၽြးေနတာပါ။ အလႉက ဒီလကုန္ ေလာက္ထိ က်င္းပသြားမွာပါ”ဟု အလႉပြဲစီစဥ္မႈမ်ားကို မိန႔္ၾကားသည္။

 

အလႉေတာ္မဂၤလာမ႑ပ္ႏွင့္ စတုဒိသာေကၽြးေမြးသည့္ ေျမေနရာ မွာ ဘူးကိုင္း စံျပေက်းရြာ အေနာက္ ေျမာက္ဘက္ ေျမပဲစိုက္ကြင္းမ်ားရွိ သုံးဧကခန႔္က်ယ္ဝန္းေသာ ေနရာ၌ တည္ရွိၿပီး ေရႊတိဂုံပုံတူ ေစတီေတာ္၊ အလႉဗဟိုမ႑ပ္၊ ရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ား ထားရာေနရာ၊ က်န္းမာေရးဌာ နႏွင့္ ျပန္ၾကားေရး ဌာနမ်ား၊ သန႔္စင္ခန္း မ်ား တည္ေဆာက္ထားသည္။

 

စစ္ကုိင္းခ႐ုိင္၊ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕ နယ္၊ ဘူးကုိင္းစံျပေက်းရြာတြင္ ျပဳလုပ္သည့္ ရွင္အပါး ငါးေထာင္အလွဴ ဖြင့္ပြဲအခမ္းအနားကုိ ယေန႔ ေမလ ၁၅ ရက္နံနက္က ျပဳလုပ္က်င္းပခဲ့သည္။

အလႉေတာ္မဂၤလာ မုခ္ဦးဖြင့္ ပြဲကို ဆရာေတာ္ႏွင့္တကြ စစ္ကိုင္း တိုင္းေဒ သႀကီး လႊတ္ေတာ္ဥကၠ႒၊ အေနာက္ေျမာက္တိုင္းစစ္ဌာနခ်ဳပ္ တိုင္းမႉး ၊ ေရႊသံလြင္ကုမၸဏီမိသားစု ဝင္မ်ားတို႔က စက္ခလုတ္ႏွိပ္၍ ဖဲႀကိဳး ျဖတ္ ဖြင့္ေပးခဲ့ၾကသည္။

 

ညပိုင်းဆိုရင်လဲ ရိုးရာ အကတွေနဲ့ ဖျော်ဖြေကြတယ်။

 

အလှူ လှည့်ရာမှာ ရှေ့ဆုံးကဘုရားပန်း ကိုင်၊ ပရိတ်အိုးတွေရွက်တဲ့လူကြီး တွေပေါ့။ နောက်ပြီးဘုရားပင့်လာ တဲ့ယာဉ်က နဂါးပုံစံပါ၊ ပါးစပ်က လဲ အငွေ့တွေထုတ်တယ်။ နောက်က ဂဠုန်ပုံပါ။ အဲဒီနော က်မှ ဆင်တွေ၊ မြင်းတွေ၊ နွားလှည်းတွေ၊ ပုဂံ၊ အင်း ဝ၊ ကုန်းဘောင် စတဲ့ ဝတ်စားဆင် ယင်မှုတွေနဲ့ လူပရိသတ်တွေလိုက် လာတယ်။ မဏ္ဍပ်ထဲမှာလဲ တရုတ် နဂါးလိုပုံ စံတွေထားတယ်။ နေ့နံ အလိုက် ရုပ်ပုံတွေရော ချိတ်ထား တယ်။ အဲဒီလိုအလှူပွဲကြီးမျိုး မတွေ့ဖူးသေးဘူး။ လမ်းကနေထွက် ကြည့်ကြတဲ့လူတွေကလဲ သောင်းချီ ရှိတယ်။ ဇာတ်မင်းသားကြီး မန္တလေး သိန်းဇော်ရဲ့ ဘိသိက်သွန်းတာကို ရော ကြည့်ချင်လို့ပါ”ဟု မြောင်မြို့ နယ် ကျားအိုကျေးရွာမှ လာရောက် ကြည့်ရှုသူ အမျိုးသမီးတစ်ဦးက ပြောသည်။

 

ရွင္ေလာင္း လွည့္ရာ လမ္း ေၾကာင္း မွာ ဘူးကိုင္းရြာ ကိုးဆယ္ဆ အနႏၲေမတၱာ အလႉမဂၤလာ ဗဟိုမ႑ပ္ ႏွင့္ ေလးမိုင္ခန႔္ကြာေဝးေသာ ပုဂံ ေခတ္ က်န္ စစ္သား မင္းႀကီး ေမြးဖြား ရာ၊ ပရိမၼေက်းရြာ၊ ထီးလွိုင္ရွင္ေစ တီ ေတာ္ျမတ္ႀကီးအထိ ဆင္ရတနာကိုး စီး၊ ျမင္းရတနာ ၁၀၈စီး၊ ေရႊလွည္း ေငြလွည္း အစီး ၉ဝအပါအဝင္ လူ ပရိသတ္ေထာင္ေက်ာ္ျဖင့္ လွည့္လည္ ခဲ့ၾကသည္။

ရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ားကို မႏၲေလးၿမိဳ႕ စိန္ဒူးဝါးဆုိင္းအဖြဲ႕ႏွင့္အတူ မင္းသားမႏၲေလးသိန္းေဇာ္၊ နန္းဝင္းတုိ႔က ဘိသိက္ သြန္းေလာင္းေပးျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။

အညာေဒသတြင္ ေပ်ာက္ ကြယ္လုနီးပါးျဖစ္ေနသည့္ ႏြား လွည္းယဥ္ေၾကာ့မ်ားကို အစီး ၉၀ ထည့္သြင္းအသံုးျပဳခဲ့ရာ  လွည္း ယဥ္ အမ်ားဆံုးျဖင့္ ျပဳလုပ္သည့္  ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ေဒသခံမ်ားက ေျပာၾကားသည္။

ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲတြင္ နဂါး႐ုပ္ႏွင့္ ဂဠဳန္႐ုပ္မ်ားကို အသံုးျပဳခဲ့၍ ယၾတာေခ်သည့္အေနျဖင့္အသံုးျပဳျခင္း ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ေဒသခံမ်ားက ခန္႔မွန္းေနၾကသည္။

‘‘ရွင္ငါးေထာင္ အလွဴလွည့္ ပြဲမွာ ေတာင္သူေတြ စိတ္ဝင္စား မႈအမ်ားဆံုးကေတာ့ ႏြားလွည္း ယဥ္ေၾကာ့ အစီး ၉၀ တန္းစီ ေမာင္းတာကိုပဲ။ လွည္းယဥ္ေၾကာ့က အညာေဒသမွာ ေပ်ာက္ကြယ္လုဆဲဆဲ၊ အခုလို ႏြားလွည္းယဥ္ေတြ အမ်ားႀကီးတန္းစီ ေမာင္းတာ တစ္ခါမွမႀကံဳဖူးဘူး။ ဆင္ေတြ၊ ျမင္းေတြ၊ ႏြားလွည္းယဥ္ေတြနဲ႔ ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲ အစည္ကားဆံုးလို႔ ေျပာလို႔ရတယ္။ ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲမွာ နဂါး႐ုပ္ေတြ၊ ဂဠဳန္႐ုပ္ေတြ၊ ဆင္ေတြ၊ ျမင္းေတြ၊ ႏြားလွည္းယဥ္ေတြက ေဗဒင္ယၾတာေခ်တယ္လို႔လည္း ေျပာေနၾကတယ္’’ဟု ရွင္ငါးေထာင္အလွဴလွည့္ပြဲသို႔ သြားေရာက္ၾကည့္႐ႈခဲ့ေသာ ေခ်ာင္းဦးၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ေဒသခံေတာင္သူတစ္ဦးကေျပာသည္။

ႏြားလွည္း ယဥ္ေတြကိုေတာ့ စစ္ကိုင္းၿမိဳ႕က ငွားရမ္းခဲ့တာပါ။ ဆင္ကိုေတာ့ သစ္ေတာဦးစီးဌာနက ျဖစ္ပါ တယ္။ ျမင္းကိုေတာ့ အနယ္နယ္ အရပ္ရပ္က ငွားရမ္းခဲ့တယ္’’ဟု စစ္ကိုင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီးအစုိးရ အဖြဲ႕ စည္ပင္သာယာေရးဝန္ႀကီး ဦးတင့္လိႈင္ျမင့္က ေျပာၾကား သည္။

 

ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲ ျဖတ္သန္း သြားရာ လမ္းတစ္ေလၽွာက္ရွိ အုတ္ ႏွဲဘုတ္ ရြာမွ အသက္ ၈၀ အရြယ္ ေဒၚခ်ိဳက ”တစ္သက္နဲ႔တစ္ကိုယ္ ဒီလိုႀကီးက်ယ္တဲ့ အလႉပြဲႀကီး မ်ိဳး မျမင္ဖူးလို႔ သာဓုေခၚခ်င္လို႔ လာ ၾကည့္တာပါ။ ဆရာေတာ္ က ေျမာင္ နယ္ လက္ပံရြာမွာေမြးေပမယ့္ ဘူး ကိုင္းမွာ သာမေဏဝတ္ ခဲ့ေတာ့ ေက်း ဇူးဆပ္ပြဲျပဳလုပ္တာထင္ပါရဲ့။ အရင္ ကလဲ ရွင္အပါးတစ္ရာ လုပ္ခဲ့ဖူး တယ္။ ရြာနီးခ်ဳပ္စပ္ကိုလဲ စတုဒိသာ ထမင္းေကၽြးေနတာ လခ်ီေနၿပီ။ အလႉက မလုပ္ခင္ကတည္းက လူ အမ်ားစိတ္ဝင္စားေန တဲ့ပြဲပါ”ဟု ေျပာ သည္။

 

 

ရှင်အပါးငါးထောင် အလှူပွဲ တွင် နိုင်ငံတော်ဩဝါဒါစရိယ ဆရာ တော်ကြီးများ၊ နိုင်ငံတော် သံဃမဟာ နာယက၊ နိုင်ငံတော် ဗဟိုသံဃာ့ ဝန် ဆောင်ဆရာတော်ကြီးများ၊ တိပိဋက ဓရ၊ တိပိဋကကောဝိ ဒဆရာတော်များ၊ ဂိုဏ်းပေါင်းစုံ သံဃနာယကအဖွဲ့ဝင် ဆရာတော်ကြီး များ အမှူးပြုသော ပင့်သံဃာ ၂၅၅၉ ပါးတို့အားလည်း ပင့်လျှောက်ထားပြီး နေ့ဆွမ်း၊သင်္ကန်း အစရှိသော လှူဖွယ်တို့ကို ဆက်ကပ် လှူဒါန်းမည်ဖြစ်သည်။

 

မေ ၁၆ ရက်၌လည်း ရှင်သာ မဏေအပါးငါးထောင်နှင့် ကြီးကြပ် ဆရာတော် အပါး ၁၀၀၀ တို့အား နေ့ဆွမ်းအလှူရှင် နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတ ဦးသိန်းစိန်နှင့် ဇနီး ဒေါ်ခင်ခင်ဝင်း မိသားစုတို့ လာရောက်၍ နေ့ဆွမ်း ဆက်ကပ်လှူဒါန်းမည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း စုံစမ်းသိရှိရသည်။ မေ ၁၇ ရက် မှစ၍ ရှင်သာမဏေ အပါး ငါး ထောင်ကျော်တို့အား ဆရာတော် ဘဒ္ဒန္တဣဒ္ဓိဗလနှင့် ကိုးဘွဲ့ရ ဆရာ တော် အရှင်အာစာရာ လင်္ကာရတို့ က ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာယဉ်ကျေးလိမ္မာသင် တန်းပို့ချခြင်းနှင့် တရားရှုမှတ်နည်း များကို ၁၀ ရက်တိုင်တိုင် နေ့၊ ည သင်ကြားပေး သွားမည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း သိရ သည်။

ယင်းနေ့တွင် နိုင်ငံကျော်တေး သံရှင် ဒေါ်ရီရီသန့်နှင့် မြန်မာမှုတေး သံရှင်များက သီဆိုဧည့်ခံဖျော်ဖြေ ပြီး နိုင်ငံကျော် ဓမ္မကထိက ဆရာ တော်များက မေ ၂၀ ရက်မှ ၂၄ ရက် အထိ ငါးရက်တိုင် တိုင် နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက် ကြောင်း တရားတော်များ ဟောကြား မည်ဖြစ်သည်။

ထို့ပြင် မေ ၂၈ ရက်နှင့် ၂၉ ရက် ညပိုင်းတွင် မြို့ရွှေမန်းသားဖိုးချစ်ဇာတ် အဖွဲ့မှ ဧည့်ခံကပြသွားမည်ဖြစ် ကြောင်းသိရသည်။ ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေ သကြီး သံဃနာ ယကအဖွဲ့ဥက္ကဋ္ဌ ဆရာတော် ဘဒ္ဒန္တ ဣဒ္ဓိဗလသည် မြောင်မြို့နယ်အတွင်း ရှိ တဲသာ၊ ဘူးကိုင်း၊ သီရိဇေယျာ၊ အုတ်နှဲဘုတ်၊ ကျားအို၊ ရွှေပန်း၊ လက် ပံ၊ ရွှေယင်းမာ၊ ပရိမ္မ စသောကျေး ရွာများ၌ ကိုးဆယ်ဆ အနန္တမေတ္ တာ ပရဟိတလူမှုရေး အသင်းများကို ထူ ထောင်ပေးထားပြီး အဆိုပါလူမှု အသင်းများထံသို့ ငွေကျပ်သိန်းပေါင်း သုံးသောင်းကျော် ထောက်ပံ့လှူဒါန်း ထားပြီဖြစ်ကြောင်း ဘူးကိုင်း ရွာလူမှု ကူညီရေး အသင်းအဖွဲ့ဝင် ကိုထွန်း မင်းလတ်ကပြောသည်။

 

 

 

 

အလွဴေရစက္ခ် အခမ္းအနားက်င္းပရန္ စီစဥ္ထားသည့္ ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ေန႔ နံနက္ပိုင္းတြင္ မိုးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းျခင္း၊ ေလျပင္းတုိက္ခတ္ ျခင္းတို႔ေၾကာင့္ ရွင္ငါးေထာင္ အလွဴပြဲက်င္းပလ်က္ရွိသည့္ ဗဟိုမ႑ပ္အပါအဝင္ ရွင္သာမေဏ မ်ား သီတင္းသံုးသည့္  မ႑ပ္မ်ား တြင္ မိုးေရမ်ား ဝင္ေရာက္ကာ  မ႑ပ္အခ်ိဳ႕ ယိုင္လဲခဲ့သည္။

 

ရာသီဥတုကလည္း မုိးရြာတာပဲရွိတာပါ။ ေလျပင္း လုံး၀မတုိက္ပါဘူး။ ဘာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ပါ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ ပြဲကေတာ့ ေအာင္ေအာင္ျမင္ျမင္ က်င္းပႏုိင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ကူညီ၀ုိင္း၀န္းေပးသူ အားလုံးကုိ ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္”ဟု စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီး အစုိးရအဖြဲ႕မွ အတြင္းေရးမွဴး ဦးစုိးစုိးဇင္က ေျပာၾကားသည္။

 

“မိုးက မနက္အေစာပိုင္းမွာ သည္းသည္းမည္းမည္းကို ရြာတာ။ အခ်ိဳ႕မ႑ပ္ေတြမွာ မိုးကာရွိေပမယ့္ အခ်ိဳ႕မ႑ပ္ေတြက ထန္းလက္ေတြနဲ႔ မိုးထားေတာ့ မိုးမလုံဘူး။ ကိုရင္ေတြကလည္း ငါးေထာင္ဆိုေတာ့ မိုးရြာတဲ့အခ်ိန္ ေနရာေရႊ႕ဖို႔ အခက္အခဲျဖစ္ေတာ့ မ႑ပ္ေတြ ေဆာက္ထားတဲ့ ကြင္းျပင္က်ယ္ႀကီးထဲမွာ အထုပ္ေတြဆြဲၿပီး ဟိုေျပးဒီေျပးနဲ႔ေပါ့” ဟုအဆိုပါအလွဴပြဲသို႔ ေရာက္ရွိေနသည့္ ဌာနဆိုင္ရာ ဝန္ထမ္းတစ္ဦးက ဆိုသည္

 

‘‘မနက္ ၃ နာရီဝန္းက်င္က တည္းက ေလေတြလည္း တုိက္ မုိးေတြလည္း သည္းေနခဲ့တာ။ မနက္မိုးလင္းေတာ့ ရွင္ေလာင္း ေတြေနတဲ့ မ႑ပ္အခ်ိဳ႕က လဲေန တယ္။ မ႑ပ္ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား ေရေတြ ဝင္ေနတာ။ ရွင္ေလာင္း ေတြကိုလည္း ေရလြတ္ရာ ေက်ာက္ ရစ္စာသင္ေက်ာင္းကို ယာယီေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ထားတယ္။ ရွင္သာမေဏေတြ ထိခိုက္မႈမရွိပါဘူး’’ဟု ေက်ာက္ရစ္ေက်းရြာ ေဒသခံတစ္ဦးက ေျပာသည္

“မုိးက မနက္ ၂ နာရီေက်ာ္ေလာက္မွာ ရြာတာ။ ေရလည္းမ်ားတယ္။ မုိးက တျခားေဒသေတြမွာ နည္းနည္းရြာၿပီးေတာ့ ဒီအလွဴ လုပ္တဲ့ ေဒသဘက္မွာ အရမ္းမ်ားေတာ့ မ႑ပ္ေတြထဲမွာ ေရေတြ၀င္ၿပီး နစ္ကုန္တယ္။ တခ်ဳိ႕မ႑ပ္ေတြဆုိ ၿပိဳက်သြားတယ္”ဟု ေဒသခံ တစ္ဦးက ဆုိသည္။

ရာသီဥတုဒဏ္ေၾကာင့္ မဟာမ႑ပ္တစ္ခုနဲ႔ ရွင္သာမေဏ မ႑ပ္ေလးခုေလာက္ ယုိင္နဲ႔သြားပါတယ္။ ႀကီးႀကီးမားမား ပ်က္စီးဆုံး႐ႈံးတာမ်ဳိး မရွိပါဘူး။

 

ယင္းကဲ့သုိ႔ မုိးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းခဲ့ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ေငြက်ပ္ သိန္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ဆုံးရႈံးမႈရွိႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း သုံးသပ္မႈမ်ားလည္း ရွိေနၾကသည္။

 

‘‘ဒီေန႔မနက္ မုိးေတြ အရမ္း သည္း၊ ေလေတြတုိက္လို႔ အလွဴ ေရစက္ခ်မယ့္ရက္ကို ေမလ ၂၄ ရက္ေန႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕လိုက္တာပါ။ ေစာေစာက ဒီေန႔အခမ္းအနားမွာ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတႀကီး ကိုယ္တုိင္ တက္ေရာက္ဖို႔ စီစဥ္ထားတာ။ ရွင္ေလာင္းေတြက မေန႔ကတည္းက ရွင္သာမေဏအျဖစ္ ဝတ္ၿပီးၿပီျဖစ္ တဲ့အတြက္ အလွဴပြဲက ေရစက္ခ် ဖို႔ပဲ က်န္ေတာ့တယ္’’ဟု စစ္ကိုင္း တုိင္းေဒသႀကီးအစိုးရအဖြဲ႕ တာ ဝန္ရွိသူတစ္ဦးက ေျပာသည္။

 

ျပည္ေထာင္စုသမၼတ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ အစိုးရအဖြဲ႕၏ ပံ့ပိုးမႈျဖင့္ က်င္းပေသာ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္မွ သာမေဏငါးေထာင္ ရွင္ျပဳအလွဴပြဲသို႔ ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ သမၼတဦးသိန္းစိန္ တက္ေရာက္ရန္ စီစဥ္ခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း ယင္းေန႔နံနက္ အေစာပိုင္းက မိုးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းၿပီး မ႑ပ္မ်ားအတြင္း ေရဝင္ေရာက္ခဲ့ေသာေၾကာင့္ သမၼတခရီးစဥ္ ပ်က္ျပယ္ခဲ့ေၾကာင္း အလွဴပြဲတြင္ တာဝန္က်ေနသည့္ အစိုးရဝန္ထမ္းမ်ားႏွင့္ အလွဴပြဲသို႔ ေရာက္ရွိေနသူမ်ားထံမွ သိရသည္

 

ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ေန႔က ေရစက္ခ်ရန္ စီစဥ္ထားခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း မိုးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းခဲ့ေသာေၾကာင့္ ေမလ၂၄ ရက္ ေန႔မွသာ ေရစက္ခ်ေတာ့မည္ဟု စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္းေဒသႀကီး အစိုးရအဖြဲ႕ဝင္ ဝန္ႀကီးတစ္ဦးက ေျပာၾကားသည္။
“ရက္ေရႊ႕လိုက္တာ ဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ ေနရာကေတာ့ ဘူးကိုင္းစံျပေက်းရြာ အနီးမွာပဲ ျပန္လုပ္မွာပါ”ဟု သူကဆိုသည္။

 

ေမ ၁၆ ရက္ နံနက္အေစာပုိင္းက ရြာသြန္းခဲ့သည့္ မုိးေၾကာင့္ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ ေက်ာ္အား အလွဴမ႑ပ္မ်ားအတြင္း၌ ေရမ်ား၀င္ေရာက္ေနျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ဘူးကုိင္းစံျပေက်းရြာအနီးရွိ ေက်ာက္ရစ္စံျပေက်းရြာတြင္ ဆြမ္းေလာင္းပြဲအား ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ရေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

 

ရွင္သာမေဏမ်ား သီတင္းသံုးသည့္ ယာယီစံေက်ာင္းမ်ား ျပိဳၾကမွဳျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏ မ်ား မိမိေနရပ္မ်ားသို့ အသီးသီးျပန္လည္ထြက္ခြာခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

 

ယင္းပြဲသို႔ တက္ေရာက္လာသည့္ သာမေဏ အမ်ားစုကို ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ေန႔ နံနက္ပိုင္းက မိမိရပ္ရြာမ်ားသို႔ ျပန္နိုင္ရန္ ကားမ်ား စီစဥ္ေပးေနသည္ကို ေတြ႕ရေၾကာင္း၊ ပရိသတ္မ်ားေသာေၾကာင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏေလာင္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ၎တို႔ မိသားစုဝင္မ်ား လူစုကြဲသည္မ်ားလည္း ရွိေၾကာင္း အလွဴပြဲတြင္ ဓာတ္ပုံရိုက္ကူးေနသည့္ မုံရြာၿမိဳ႕ခံ ဓာတ္ပုံဆရာတစ္ဦးက ေျပာၾကားသည္။ “ေက်ာက္ရစ္ရြာက ထြက္တာနဲ႔ လမ္းေတြသြားလို႔ မရေတာ့ဘူး။ ရႊံ႕ေတြဗြက္ေတြနဲ႔ ကားေတြဆိုတာလည္း ဆင္းတြန္းေနရတယ္” ဟု သူကဆိုသည္။

 

 

 

 

 

 

ရွင္ငါးေထာင္အလွဴပြဲ
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ေမလ ၁၅ ရက္ေန့ ႏွင့္ ၁၆ ရက္ေန့မ်ားတြင္ စစ္ကုိင္းခ႐ုိင္၊ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕ နယ္၊ ဘူးကုိင္းစံျပေက်းရြာတြင္ ျပဳလုပ္မည့္ ရွင္ငါးေထာင္အလွဴ ပြဲမတိုင္မွီ ယေန့ ေမလ ၁၄ ရက္ေန့ တြင္ ရဟန္း၊ ရွင္သာမေဏ မ်ားေလာင္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ျပင္ဆင္ ေနမွဳမ်ားကိုေတြ့ရစဥ္။

 

 

 

 

ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ဘူးကိုင္းစံျပေက်းရြာတြင္ အတုမရွိမဟာကုသိုလ္ေတာ္ ရွင္ငါးေထာင္ အလႉ ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲ စည္ကားသိုက္ၿမိဳက္စြာက်င္းပ

http://dailydemocracytoday.com/2014-03-04-06-50-07/item/875-2015-05-16-03-06-04

https://www.facebook.com/democracytodaynewspaper/posts/980134588672721

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နိုင္ငံေတာ္အစိုုးရ၏ ပါရမီကုသိုလ္အျဖစ္ စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္းေဒသႀကီးအစိုးရ အဖြဲ႕က ဦးေဆာင္ ကာ ေရႊသံလြင္ကုမၸဏီက မတည္လႉဒါန္းျခင္းျဖစ္
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ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕၊ ေမ ၁၅-ရန္ကုန္တိုင္း ေဒသႀကီး သံဃနာယကအဖြဲ႕ဥကၠ႒ ဆရာေတာ္ အဂၢမဟာသဒၶမၼေဇာတိ ကဓဇ ဘဒၵႏၲဣဒၶိဗလ (ေဇယ်ာလူမႈ ထူးခၽြန္ ပထမဆုရ) ဦးေဆာင္ေသာ စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္းေဒသႀကီး ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕ နယ္ ဘူးကိုင္းစံျပေက်းရြာ ပထမအ ႀကိမ္ အတုမရွိ မဟာကုသိုလ္ေတာ္ ျဖစ္သည့္ ရွင္သာမေဏမျပဳရေသး ေသာ ျမန္မာျပည္အရပ္ရပ္မွ တိုင္း ရင္းသားေပါင္း စုံ ရွင္သာမေဏေလာင္း လ်ာ ငါးေထာင္ေက်ာ္တို႔အား ရွစ္ ပါးပရိကၡရာစုံလင္ စြာျဖင့္ ပဗၺဇၨအေမြ ရွင္သာမေဏျပဳေပးျခင္း အလႉ ေတာ္မဂၤလာ၏ ရွင္ေလာင္း လွည့္ပြဲ ကို ေမ ၁၅ ရက္ နံနက္ပိုင္းက ျမန္မာ့ ရိုးရာဓေလ့ႏွင့္ အညီ စည္ကားသိုက္ ၿမိဳက္စြာက်င္းပခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

အဆိုပါရွင္ျပဳပြဲကို ျပည္ေထာင္ စုသမၼတ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံေတာ္ အစိုးရ အဖြဲ႕က ပါရမီကုသိုလ္ပံ့ပိုးေဆာင္ ရြက္လႉဒါန္းၿပီး စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္းေဒသ ႀကီးအစိုးရ အဖြဲ႕ ဝန္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ ဦးသာ ေအးက ဦးေဆာင္ေကာ္မတီဖြဲ႕စည္း ကာ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ ေရႊသံလြင္ကုမၸဏီ မိသားစုမွ မတည္လႉဒါန္း ခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္ သည္။

ယင္းအလႉပြဲတြင္ သာမေဏ မ်ား ႀကီးၾကပ္တာဝန္ယူထားေသာ မက်ည္း ဘုတ္ ရြာေက်ာင္းမွ ဆရာ ေတာ္တစ္ပါးက ”ေဖေဖာ္ဝါရီ လ ေလာက္ က တည္းက စီစဥ္ေနတာ ပါ။ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္က ေက်ာင္းတိုက္ အသီးသီးက ဆရာေတာ္ေတြကလဲ ဒီမွာလာၿပီး စီစဥ္ေပးၾက တယ္။ တစ္ခါမွ ရွင္မျပဳ ဖူးေသး တဲ့ အသက္ ၁၀ ႏွစ္ကေန ၁၆ ႏွစ္အတြင္း ကေလး ငယ္ေတြ ကို ေက်းရြာ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရး မႉးေတြကတစ္ဆင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏျပဳ ဖို႔ စာရင္းေပး ခိုင္းရပါတယ္။ ေန႔စဥ္ ပရိသတ္ ေသာင္းခ်ီကို စတုဒိသာ ေကၽြးေနတာပါ။ အလႉက ဒီလကုန္ ေလာက္ထိ က်င္းပသြားမွာပါ”ဟု အလႉပြဲစီစဥ္မႈမ်ားကို မိန႔္ၾကားသည္။

အလႉေတာ္မဂၤလာမ႑ပ္ႏွင့္ စတုဒိသာေကၽြးေမြးသည့္ ေျမေနရာ မွာ ဘူးကိုင္း စံျပေက်းရြာ အေနာက္ ေျမာက္ဘက္ ေျမပဲစိုက္ကြင္းမ်ားရွိ သုံးဧကခန႔္က်ယ္ဝန္းေသာ ေနရာ၌ တည္ရွိၿပီး ေရႊတိဂုံပုံတူ ေစတီေတာ္၊ အလႉဗဟိုမ႑ပ္၊ ရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ား ထားရာေနရာ၊ က်န္းမာေရးဌာ နႏွင့္ ျပန္ၾကားေရး ဌာနမ်ား၊ သန႔္စင္ခန္း မ်ား တည္ေဆာက္ထားသည္။

အလႉေတာ္မဂၤလာ မုခ္ဦးဖြင့္ ပြဲကို ဆရာေတာ္ႏွင့္တကြ စစ္ကိုင္း တိုင္းေဒ သႀကီး လႊတ္ေတာ္ဥကၠ႒၊ အေနာက္ေျမာက္တိုင္းစစ္ဌာနခ်ဳပ္ တိုင္းမႉး ၊ ေရႊသံလြင္ကုမၸဏီမိသားစု ဝင္မ်ားတို႔က စက္ခလုတ္ႏွိပ္၍ ဖဲႀကိဳး ျဖတ္ ဖြင့္ေပးခဲ့ၾကသည္။ အလႉေတာ္ မဂၤလာ၏ ရွင္ေလာင္း လွည့္ရာ လမ္း ေၾကာင္း မွာ ဘူးကိုင္းရြာ ကိုးဆယ္ဆ အနႏၲေမတၱာ အလႉမဂၤလာ ဗဟိုမ႑ပ္ ႏွင့္ ေလးမိုင္ခန႔္ကြာေဝးေသာ ပုဂံ ေခတ္ က်န္ စစ္သား မင္းႀကီး ေမြးဖြား ရာ၊ ပရိမၼေက်းရြာ၊ ထီးလွိုင္ရွင္ေစ တီ ေတာ္ျမတ္ႀကီးအထိ ဆင္ရတနာကိုး စီး၊ ျမင္းရတနာ ၁၀၈စီး၊ ေရႊလွည္း ေငြလွည္း အစီး ၉ဝအပါအဝင္ လူ ပရိသတ္ေထာင္ေက်ာ္ျဖင့္ လွည့္လည္ ခဲ့ၾကသည္။

ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲ ျဖတ္သန္း သြားရာ လမ္းတစ္ေလၽွာက္ရွိ အုတ္ ႏွဲဘုတ္ ရြာမွ အသက္ ၈၀ အရြယ္ ေဒၚခ်ိဳက ”တစ္သက္နဲ႔တစ္ကိုယ္ ဒီလိုႀကီးက်ယ္တဲ့ အလႉပြဲႀကီး မ်ိဳး မျမင္ဖူးလို႔ သာဓုေခၚခ်င္လို႔ လာ ၾကည့္တာပါ။ ဆရာေတာ္ က ေျမာင္ နယ္ လက္ပံရြာမွာေမြးေပမယ့္ ဘူး ကိုင္းမွာ သာမေဏဝတ္ ခဲ့ေတာ့ ေက်း ဇူးဆပ္ပြဲျပဳလုပ္တာထင္ပါရဲ့။ အရင္ ကလဲ ရွင္အပါးတစ္ရာ လုပ္ခဲ့ဖူး တယ္။ ရြာနီးခ်ဳပ္စပ္ကိုလဲ စတုဒိသာ ထမင္းေကၽြးေနတာ လခ်ီေနၿပီ။ အလႉက မလုပ္ခင္ကတည္းက လူ အမ်ားစိတ္ဝင္စားေန တဲ့ပြဲပါ”ဟု ေျပာ သည္။

”အလှူကို တခြားရွာတွေကလဲ ကားတွေနဲ့ လာကြည့်ကြတာ။ လမ်း ကရွာတွေကလဲ အလှူလှည့်လိုက်တဲ့ သူတွေကို ကိုယ်တတ်နိုင်တဲ့ အစား အသောက်တွေနဲ့ ဒါနပြုဧည့်ခံကျွေး မွေးကြတယ်။ တိုင်းရင်း သားပေါင်းစုံ ဆိုတော့ ပအိုဝ်းတိုင်းရင်းသားလေး တွေကလဲ သူတို့မောင် ရင်လောင်း လေးတွေကို သူတို့ရိုးရာပုံစံဆင်ပေး ကြတယ်။ ညပိုင်းဆိုရင်လဲ ရိုးရာ အကတွေနဲ့ ဖျော်ဖြေကြတယ်။ အလှူ လှည့်ရာမှာ ရှေ့ဆုံးကဘုရားပန်း ကိုင်၊ ပရိတ်အိုးတွေရွက်တဲ့လူကြီး တွေပေါ့။ နောက်ပြီးဘုရားပင့်လာ တဲ့ယာဉ်က နဂါးပုံစံပါ၊ ပါးစပ်က လဲ အငွေ့တွေထုတ်တယ်။ နောက်က ဂဠုန်ပုံပါ။ အဲဒီနော က်မှ ဆင်တွေ၊ မြင်းတွေ၊ နွားလှည်းတွေ၊ ပုဂံ၊ အင်း ဝ၊ ကုန်းဘောင် စတဲ့ ဝတ်စားဆင် ယင်မှုတွေနဲ့ လူပရိသတ်တွေလိုက် လာတယ်။ မဏ္ဍပ်ထဲမှာလဲ တရုတ် နဂါးလိုပုံ စံတွေထားတယ်။ နေ့နံ အလိုက် ရုပ်ပုံတွေရော ချိတ်ထား တယ်။ အဲဒီလိုအလှူပွဲကြီးမျိုး မတွေ့ဖူးသေးဘူး။ လမ်းကနေထွက် ကြည့်ကြတဲ့လူတွေကလဲ သောင်းချီ ရှိတယ်။ ဇာတ်မင်းသားကြီး မန္တလေး သိန်းဇော်ရဲ့ ဘိသိက်သွန်းတာကို ရော ကြည့်ချင်လို့ပါ”ဟု မြောင်မြို့ နယ် ကျားအိုကျေးရွာမှ လာရောက် ကြည့်ရှုသူ အမျိုးသမီးတစ်ဦးက ပြောသည်။

ရှင်ငါးထောင်အလှူတော်မင်္ဂ လာပွဲအတွက် မတည်အလှူရှင်ဖြစ် သူ ရွှေသံလွင်မိသားစု၏ မိခင်ကြီး သီဟသုဓမ္မသိင်္ဂီ၊ သီရိသုဓမ္မသိင်္ဂီ၊ အဂ္ဂမဟာ သီရိသုဓမ္မသိင်္ဂီ ဒေါ်နီနီ က ”ဒီနေ့လို အလှူမျိုး လှူခွင့်ကြုံ၊ လှူခွင့်ရလို့ ပြောမပြတတ်အောင် အန်တီကြည်နူးပီတိဖြစ်မိတယ်။ အဲဒီ လိုလှူဒါန်းရတဲ့အကျိုးကြောင့် တစ် နိုင်ငံလုံး၊ တစ်ကမ္ဘာလုံး အေးချမ်း ကြပါစေလို့ ဆုတောင်း ပေးပါတယ်။ အားလုံးကို အလှူအမျှပေးဝေ ပါတယ်။ ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ မြန်မာ့ရိုးရာကို နောင် လာနောက်သားတွေ ထိန်းသိမ်းစေ ချင်တယ်။ ဗုဒ္ဓဘုရားကိုလဲ ကြည်ညို စေ ချင်တယ်။ ဆရာတော်ကြီး က အမိန့်ရှိလို့လဲ ခုလိုလှူဒါန်းဖြစ်တာ ပါ။ ရှင်မပြုရသေးတဲ့ တိုင်းရင်းသား တွေကို ရှင်လောင်းဝတ်စုံလေးနဲ့ မြင်ရတာ ပီတိဖြစ်မိပါတယ်”ဟု အလှူ ပွဲအတွက် ကြည်နူးမှုအား ပြောပြ သည်။

ရှင်အပါးငါးထောင် အလှူပွဲ တွင် နိုင်ငံတော်ဩဝါဒါစရိယ ဆရာ တော်ကြီးများ၊ နိုင်ငံတော် သံဃမဟာ နာယက၊ နိုင်ငံတော် ဗဟိုသံဃာ့ ဝန် ဆောင်ဆရာတော်ကြီးများ၊ တိပိဋက ဓရ၊ တိပိဋကကောဝိ ဒဆရာတော်များ၊ ဂိုဏ်းပေါင်းစုံ သံဃနာယကအဖွဲ့ဝင် ဆရာတော်ကြီး များ အမှူးပြုသော ပင့်သံဃာ ၂၅၅၉ ပါးတို့အားလည်း ပင့်လျှောက်ထားပြီး နေ့ဆွမ်း၊သင်္ကန်း အစရှိသော လှူဖွယ်တို့ကို ဆက်ကပ် လှူဒါန်းမည်ဖြစ်သည်။

မေ ၁၆ ရက်၌လည်း ရှင်သာ မဏေအပါးငါးထောင်နှင့် ကြီးကြပ် ဆရာတော် အပါး ၁၀၀၀ တို့အား နေ့ဆွမ်းအလှူရှင် နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတ ဦးသိန်းစိန်နှင့် ဇနီး ဒေါ်ခင်ခင်ဝင်း မိသားစုတို့ လာရောက်၍ နေ့ဆွမ်း ဆက်ကပ်လှူဒါန်းမည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း စုံစမ်းသိရှိရသည်။ မေ ၁၇ ရက် မှစ၍ ရှင်သာမဏေ အပါး ငါး ထောင်ကျော်တို့အား ဆရာတော် ဘဒ္ဒန္တဣဒ္ဓိဗလနှင့် ကိုးဘွဲ့ရ ဆရာ တော် အရှင်အာစာရာ လင်္ကာရတို့ က ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာယဉ်ကျေးလိမ္မာသင် တန်းပို့ချခြင်းနှင့် တရားရှုမှတ်နည်း များကို ၁၀ ရက်တိုင်တိုင် နေ့၊ ည သင်ကြားပေး သွားမည်ဖြစ်ကြောင်း သိရ သည်။

ယင်းနေ့တွင် နိုင်ငံကျော်တေး သံရှင် ဒေါ်ရီရီသန့်နှင့် မြန်မာမှုတေး သံရှင်များက သီဆိုဧည့်ခံဖျော်ဖြေ ပြီး နိုင်ငံကျော် ဓမ္မကထိက ဆရာ တော်များက မေ ၂၀ ရက်မှ ၂၄ ရက် အထိ ငါးရက်တိုင် တိုင် နိဗ္ဗာန်ရောက် ကြောင်း တရားတော်များ ဟောကြား မည်ဖြစ်သည်။

ထို့ပြင် မေ ၂၈ ရက်နှင့် ၂၉ ရက် ညပိုင်းတွင် မြို့ရွှေမန်းသားဖိုးချစ်ဇာတ် အဖွဲ့မှ ဧည့်ခံကပြသွားမည်ဖြစ် ကြောင်းသိရသည်။ ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေ သကြီး သံဃနာ ယကအဖွဲ့ဥက္ကဋ္ဌ ဆရာတော် ဘဒ္ဒန္တ ဣဒ္ဓိဗလသည် မြောင်မြို့နယ်အတွင်း ရှိ တဲသာ၊ ဘူးကိုင်း၊ သီရိဇေယျာ၊ အုတ်နှဲဘုတ်၊ ကျားအို၊ ရွှေပန်း၊ လက် ပံ၊ ရွှေယင်းမာ၊ ပရိမ္မ စသောကျေး ရွာများ၌ ကိုးဆယ်ဆ အနန္တမေတ္ တာ ပရဟိတလူမှုရေး အသင်းများကို ထူ ထောင်ပေးထားပြီး အဆိုပါလူမှု အသင်းများထံသို့ ငွေကျပ်သိန်းပေါင်း သုံးသောင်းကျော် ထောက်ပံ့လှူဒါန်း ထားပြီဖြစ်ကြောင်း ဘူးကိုင်း ရွာလူမှု ကူညီရေး အသင်းအဖွဲ့ဝင် ကိုထွန်း မင်းလတ်ကပြောသည်။

KTS
#Democracytoday

 

 

 

သတင္းျမင္ကြင္း အျပည့္အစံုသို႔ =>http://goo.gl/K4dHEo

KTS
‪#‎Democracytoday

 

စစ္ကိုင္းတုိင္းဝန္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္၏ ရွင္အပါးငါးေထာင္ ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲတြင္ ဆင္၊ ျမင္း၊ ႏြား ႏွစ္ရာေက်ာ္ အသံုးျပဳ

7daydaily.com/story/37272

 

By

မ်ိဳးမင္းဦး

On  

Sat, 2015-05-16 06:30

Location

မုံရြာ

Issue No.

No.735 Saturday, May 16, 2015

စစ္ကိုင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီး ဝန္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ ဦးသာေအးဦးေဆာင္ လွဴဒါန္းသည့္  ရွင္အပါးငါးေထာင္ ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္လည္ပြဲတြင္ ဆင္ကိုးေကာင္၊ ျမင္း ၁၀၈ ေကာင္အျပင္ အညာေဒသတြင္ ေပ်ာက္ ကြယ္လုနီးပါးျဖစ္ေနသည့္ ႏြား လွည္းယဥ္ေၾကာ့မ်ားကို အစီး ၉၀ ထည့္သြင္းအသံုးျပဳခဲ့ရာ  လွည္း ယဥ္ အမ်ားဆံုးျဖင့္ ျပဳလုပ္သည့္  ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ေဒသခံမ်ားက ေျပာၾကားသည္။

အဆိုပါ ရွင္အပါးငါးေထာင္ ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္လည္ပြဲကို ေမလ၁၅ ရက္က ဆင္ကိုးေကာင္၊ ျမင္း၁၀၈ ေကာင္၊ ႏြားလွည္းယဥ္ေၾကာ့ ၉၀ စီတုိ႔ျဖင့္ စည္ကားသိုက္ၿမိဳက္စြာက်င္းပခဲ့ၿပီး ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲတြင္ နဂါး႐ုပ္ႏွင့္ ဂဠဳန္႐ုပ္မ်ားကို အသံုးျပဳခဲ့၍ ယၾတာေခ်သည့္အေနျဖင့္အသံုးျပဳျခင္း ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ေဒသခံမ်ားက ခန္႔မွန္းေနၾကသည္။

‘‘ရွင္ငါးေထာင္ အလွဴလွည့္ ပြဲမွာ ေတာင္သူေတြ စိတ္ဝင္စား မႈအမ်ားဆံုးကေတာ့ ႏြားလွည္း ယဥ္ေၾကာ့ အစီး ၉၀ တန္းစီ ေမာင္းတာကိုပဲ။ လွည္းယဥ္ေၾကာ့က အညာေဒသမွာ ေပ်ာက္ကြယ္လုဆဲဆဲ၊ အခုလို ႏြားလွည္းယဥ္ေတြ အမ်ားႀကီးတန္းစီ ေမာင္းတာ တစ္ခါမွမႀကံဳဖူးဘူး။ ဆင္ေတြ၊ ျမင္းေတြ၊ ႏြားလွည္းယဥ္ေတြနဲ႔ ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲ အစည္ကားဆံုးလို႔ ေျပာလို႔ရတယ္။ ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲမွာ နဂါး႐ုပ္ေတြ၊ ဂဠဳန္႐ုပ္ေတြ၊ ဆင္ေတြ၊ ျမင္းေတြ၊ ႏြားလွည္းယဥ္ေတြက ေဗဒင္ယၾတာေခ်တယ္လို႔လည္း ေျပာေနၾကတယ္’’ဟု ရွင္ငါးေထာင္အလွဴလွည့္ပြဲသို႔ သြားေရာက္ၾကည့္႐ႈခဲ့ေသာ ေခ်ာင္းဦးၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ေဒသခံေတာင္သူတစ္ဦးကေျပာသည္။

အဆုိပါရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲ ကို ဘူးကိုင္းရွိ ဗဟိုမ႑ပ္မွ က်န္စစ္သားမင္း ေမြးဖြားေသာ ပရိမၼေက်းရြာရွိ ထီးလိႈင္ရွင္ေစတီေတာ္ႀကီးသို႔ လွည့္လည္ခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္ၿပီး ရွင္ေလာင္းမ်ားကို မႏၲေလးၿမိဳ႕ စိန္ဒူးဝါးဆုိင္းအဖြဲ႕ႏွင့္အတူ မင္းသားမႏၲေလးသိန္းေဇာ္၊ နန္းဝင္းတုိ႔က ဘိသိက္ သြန္းေလာင္းေပးျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။

‘‘ဒီေန႔အလွဴလွည့္ပြဲမွာ စစ္ကိုင္းတုိင္းအတြင္း ရွင္မျပဳရေသး တဲ့ ကေလးငယ္ေတြ သာမက ပအို႔ဝ္၊ ရွမ္း၊ ကရင္၊ မြန္၊ နာဂ စတဲ့ တုိင္းရင္းသားကေလးငယ္ ေတြ ပါဝင္ခဲ့တယ္။ ႏြားလွည္း ယဥ္ေတြကိုေတာ့ စစ္ကိုင္းၿမိဳ႕က ငွားရမ္းခဲ့တာပါ။ ဆင္ကိုေတာ့ သစ္ေတာဦးစီးဌာနက ျဖစ္ပါ တယ္။ ျမင္းကိုေတာ့ အနယ္နယ္ အရပ္ရပ္က ငွားရမ္းခဲ့တယ္’’ဟု စစ္ကိုင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီးအစုိးရ အဖြဲ႕ စည္ပင္သာယာေရးဝန္ႀကီး ဦးတင့္လိႈင္ျမင့္က ေျပာၾကား သည္။

ရွင္သာမေဏေလာင္းမ်ား အား သာမေဏအျဖစ္ ကူးေျပာင္း မည့္ ရွင္ငါးေထာင္အလွဴပြဲအခမ္း အနားကို ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္တြင္ က်င္းပမည္ျဖစ္ၿပီး အဆုိပါအခမ္း အနားသို႔ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတအပါ အဝင္ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္အစုိးရအဖြဲ႕ တာဝန္ရွိသူမ်ားတက္ေရာက္ဖြယ္ ရွိေၾကာင္း အစိုးရအဖြဲ႕႐ံုးမွ သတင္းရရွိသည္။

 

 

 

 

 

သမၼတဦးသိန္စိန္တက္ေရာက္မည့္ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴပြဲ မုိးနတ္မင္း ဖ်က္
—– —– —– —–
သမၼတဦးသိန္းစိန္တက္ေရာက္မည့္ စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီး ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ဘူးကုိင္းေက်းရြာမွ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴပြဲကို မုိးသည္းထန္စြာရြာသြန္းမႈေၾကာင့္ ရပ္နားလုိက္ရေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

အဆုိပါ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ပြဲ အလွဴအ၀င္ေန႔ ျဖစ္သည့္ ေမလ (၁၅) တြင္ ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲ က်င္းပခဲ့ၿပီး ယင္းေန႔ညမွာပင္္ မုိးသည္းထန္စြာရြာသြန္းခဲ့သကဲ့သုိ႔ မုိးသည္ အလွဴၾကီးေန႔ ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ နံနက္ ၄ နာရီအခ်ိန္တြင္လည္း မုိးရြာသြန္းခဲ့သည္ဟု ေဒသခံတဦးကေျပာသည္။

၄င္းက” မုိးရြာေတာ့ ေရေတြက ေျခသလုံးေလာက္ျဖစ္ေနတယ္။ မ႑ပ္တုိင္ေတြယုိင္တာ ေတြရိွတယ္။ တခ်ဳိ႕မ႑ပ္ေတြ ျပားကုန္တယ္။ ေရေတြေတာ္ေတာ္၀င္တယ္ေလ။ အခင္းေကာ္ေဇာေတြလည္းစုိကုန္တယ္။ ပြဲကေတာ့ နားထားလုိက္ရၿပီ။ ကုိရင္ေတြလည္း ျပန္ၾကြသြားပါျပီ။” ဟု ေျပာသည္။

ယင္းအလွဴအတန္းပြဲႀကီးကုိ စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္း၀န္ႀကီးခ်ုဳပ္ ဦးသာေအး၊ေရႊသံလြင္ကုမၸဏီ( Sky Net )တို႔က
သိန္းေပါင္း ငါးေသာင္းအကုန္အက်ခံ၍ က်င္းပေသာ ရွင္ ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴႀကီးျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

News Watch(ေစာင့္ၾကည့္သတင္းဂ်ာနယ္)
https://www.facebook.com/NewsWatchJournal

 

အစိုးရအဖြဲ႕ပံပိုးက်င္းပသည့္ ရွင္ျပဳပြဲ မိုးသည္းသျဖင့္ သမၼတတက္မည့္ အစီအစဥ္ပ်က္

http://www.thevoicemyanmar.com/index.php/news/item/6956-asy

 

မုံရြာ၊ ေမ ၁၆

ျပည္ေထာင္စုသမၼတ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ အစိုးရအဖြဲ႕၏ ပံ့ပိုးမႈျဖင့္ က်င္းပေသာ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္မွ သာမေဏငါးေထာင္ ရွင္ျပဳအလွဴပြဲသို႔ ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ သမၼတဦးသိန္းစိန္ တက္ေရာက္ရန္ စီစဥ္ခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း ယင္းေန႔နံနက္ အေစာပိုင္းက မိုးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းၿပီး မ႑ပ္မ်ားအတြင္း ေရဝင္ေရာက္ခဲ့ေသာေၾကာင့္ သမၼတခရီးစဥ္ ပ်က္ျပယ္ခဲ့ေၾကာင္း အလွဴပြဲတြင္ တာဝန္က်ေနသည့္ အစိုးရဝန္ထမ္းမ်ားႏွင့္ အလွဴပြဲသို႔ ေရာက္ရွိေနသူမ်ားထံမွ သိရသည္။

“မိုးက မနက္အေစာပိုင္းမွာ သည္းသည္းမည္းမည္းကို ရြာတာ။ အခ်ိဳ႕မ႑ပ္ေတြမွာ မိုးကာရွိေပမယ့္ အခ်ိဳ႕မ႑ပ္ေတြက ထန္းလက္ေတြနဲ႔ မိုးထားေတာ့ မိုးမလုံဘူး။ ကိုရင္ေတြကလည္း ငါးေထာင္ဆိုေတာ့ မိုးရြာတဲ့အခ်ိန္ ေနရာေရႊ႕ဖို႔ အခက္အခဲျဖစ္ေတာ့ မ႑ပ္ေတြ ေဆာက္ထားတဲ့ ကြင္းျပင္က်ယ္ႀကီးထဲမွာ အထုပ္ေတြဆြဲၿပီး ဟိုေျပးဒီေျပးနဲ႔ေပါ့” ဟုအဆိုပါအလွဴပြဲသို႔ ေရာက္ရွိေနသည့္ ဌာနဆိုင္ရာ ဝန္ထမ္းတစ္ဦးက ဆိုသည္။

ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ေန႔က ေရစက္ခ်ရန္ စီစဥ္ထားခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း မိုးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းခဲ့ေသာေၾကာင့္ ေမလ၂၄ ရက္ ေန႔မွသာ ေရစက္ခ်ေတာ့မည္ဟု စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္းေဒသႀကီး အစိုးရအဖြဲ႕ဝင္ ဝန္ႀကီးတစ္ဦးက ေျပာၾကားသည္။
“ရက္ေရႊ႕လိုက္တာ ဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ ေနရာကေတာ့ ဘူးကိုင္းစံျပေက်းရြာ အနီးမွာပဲ ျပန္လုပ္မွာပါ”ဟု သူကဆိုသည္။

ယင္းပြဲသို႔ တက္ေရာက္လာသည့္ သာမေဏ အမ်ားစုကို ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ေန႔ နံနက္ပိုင္းက မိမိရပ္ရြာမ်ားသို႔ ျပန္နိုင္ရန္ ကားမ်ား စီစဥ္ေပးေနသည္ကို ေတြ႕ရေၾကာင္း၊ ပရိသတ္မ်ားေသာေၾကာင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏေလာင္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ၎တို႔ မိသားစုဝင္မ်ား လူစုကြဲသည္မ်ားလည္း ရွိေၾကာင္း အလွဴပြဲတြင္ ဓာတ္ပုံရိုက္ကူးေနသည့္ မုံရြာၿမိဳ႕ခံ ဓာတ္ပုံဆရာတစ္ဦးက ေျပာၾကားသည္။ “ေက်ာက္ရစ္ရြာက ထြက္တာနဲ႔ လမ္းေတြသြားလို႔ မရေတာ့ဘူး။ ရႊံ႕ေတြဗြက္ေတြနဲ႔ ကားေတြဆိုတာလည္း ဆင္းတြန္းေနရတယ္” ဟု သူကဆိုသည္။

ရွင္ငါးေထာင္ေက်ာ္ အလွဴေတာ္ပြဲကို ေမလ ၁၅ ရက္ေန႔က စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္းေဒသႀကီး ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ဘူးကိုင္းစံျပေက်းရြာ မုခ္ဦးဖြင့္ပြဲႏွင့္အတူ က်င္းပခဲ့ရာ ယင္းေန႔တြင္ ဆင္ကိုးေကာင္၊ ျမင္း ၁၀၈ ေကာင္ႏွင့္ ႏြားလွည္းေပါင္း ၉၀ ျဖင့္ ခုနစ္မိုင္ခန႔္ ေဝးကြာသည့္ခရီးကို ရွင္ေလာင္း လွည့္လည္ခဲ့သည္။

အဆိုပါ ရွင္ျပဳပြဲကို စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္းေဒသႀကီး အစိုးရအဖြဲ႕ ဝန္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ ဦးသာေအးက ဦးေဆာင္ေကာ္မတီ ဖြဲ႕စည္းကာ ေရႊသံလြင္ကုမၸဏီ မိသားစုက မတည္လွဴဒါန္းၿပီး ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ အစိုးရအဖြဲ႕က ပံ့ပိုးေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့ျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။

 

 

 

သမၼတဦးသိန္းစိန္ တက္ေရာက္ရန္ စီစဥ္ထားသည့္ ေရႊသံလြင္ကုမၸဏီမွ ျပဳလုပ္ေသာ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴပြဲ မုိးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းမႈေၾကာင့္ မ႑ပ္မ်ားၿပိဳက်ပ်က္စီးၿပီး သမၼတခရီးစဥ္ ပ်က္ျပယ္ –

 

စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီး စစ္ကုိင္းခ႐ုိင္ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ဘူးကုိင္းစံျပေက်းရြာ၌ ေရႊသံလြင္ကုမၸဏီမွ ျပဳလုပ္ေသာ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴပြဲတြင္ ေမ ၁၆ ရက္ နံနက္ပုိင္း အေစာပုိင္းအခ်ိန္က အဆုိပါ အလွဴျပဳလုပ္ေနသည့္ေဒသ၌ မိုးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းခဲ့ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ အလွဴမ႑ပ္မ်ား ၿပိဳက်ပ်က္စီးမႈမ်ား ျဖစ္ေပၚခဲ့သည့္အျပင္ အလွဴေတာ္မဂၤလာ ေရစက္ခ်ပြဲသုိ႔ တက္ေရာက္မည့္ သမၼတဦးသိန္းစိန္၏ ခရီးစဥ္လည္း ပ်က္ျပယ္သြားခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴ ေတာ္မဂၤလာပြဲသုိ႔ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတ လာေရာက္ရန္ စီစဥ္ထားခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း ယင္းေန႔ နံနက္ပုိင္းတြင္ မုိးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းခဲ့ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ အစီအစဥ္ပ်က္ျပယ္သြားခဲ့ၿပီး ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕သုိ႔ ထြက္ခြာသြားေၾကာင္း  သိရသည္။

 

ျပည္ေထာင္စုအစုိးရအဖြဲ႕မွ ဦးေဆာင္ကာ ျပဳလုပ္ေနသည့္ စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီးအတြင္းရွိ ရွင္မျပဳရေသးသည့္ ကေလးငယ္မ်ားအား ရွင္ျပဳေပးသည့္ အလွဴေတာ္မဂၤလာပြဲအား ေမ ၁၅ ရက္က စတင္က်င္းပခဲ့ၿပီး တုိင္းရင္းသားေပါင္းစုံ ကေလးငယ္စုစုေပါင္း ၅၀၀၀ ေက်ာ္အား ရွင္သာမေဏေဘာင္အတြင္းသုိ႔ အဆုိပါေန႔တြင္ သြတ္သြင္းေပးခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။ ယင္းေနာက္ ေမ ၁၆ ရက္ နံနက္ ၂ နာရီအခ်ိန္ခန္႔၌ မုိးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းခဲ့မႈေၾကာင့္ ေဆာက္လုပ္ထားသည့္ အလွဴေတာ္မဂၤလာမ႑ပ္မ်ားအတြင္းသုိ႔ ေရ၀င္နစ္ျမဳပ္ျခင္း၊ မ႑ပ္အခ်ဳိ႕ ၿပိဳက်ပ်က္စီးမႈမ်ားျဖစ္ေပၚခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။ ယင္းသုိ႔ မုိးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းခဲ့ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ အလွဴေတာ္မဂၤလာ ေရစက္ခ်မဂၤလာအခမ္းအနားသုိ႔ တက္ေရာက္မည့္ သမၼတဦးသိန္းစိန္၏ ခရီးစဥ္ပါ ပ်က္ျပယ္သြားခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။ ေမ ၁၆ ရက္တြင္ ျပဳလုပ္ရန္စီစဥ္ထားသည့္ ေရစက္ခ်မဂၤလာ အခမ္းအနားအား ေမ ၂၄ ရက္သုိ႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ ခဲ့ရေၾကာင္းလည္း သိရသည္။

 

“အလွဴပြဲက မုိးရြာေပမယ့္ အထေျမာက္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ ေက်ာ္ကုိလည္း သာသနာ့ေဘာင္အတြင္း သြတ္သြင္းေပးၿပီးခဲ့ၿပီေလ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ အလွဴရွင္ေတြအေနနဲ႔ ဒီအလွဴနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ၿပီးေတာ့ ၾကံ့ခုိင္မႈရွိရဲ႕လားဆုိတဲ့ သေဘာေပါ့။ အလွဴေတာ္မဂၤလာေရစက္ခ်ပြဲကုိေတာ့ ေမ ၂၄ ရက္မွာ ဒီေနရာမွာပဲ ျပန္လုပ္သြားမယ္”ဟု ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴပြဲ က်င္းပရာ၌ ဦးေဆာင္ဆရာေတာ္ျဖစ္သည့္ ရန္ကုန္တုိင္းေဒသႀကီး သံဃနာယကအဖြဲ႕ဥကၠ႒ ဆရာေတာ္ ဘဒၵႏၲဣဒၶိဗလက မိန္႔ၾကားသည္။

 

“ကြၽန္ေတာ္တုိ႔ မေန႔က ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ ေက်ာ္ကုိ ရွင္သာမေဏဘ၀ကုိ ေအာင္ျမင္စြာနဲ႔ သြတ္သြင္းေပးႏုိင္ခဲ့ၿပီးပါၿပီ။ ဒီေန႔မွာေတာ့ ေရစက္ခ်ဖုိ႔ စီစဥ္ထားတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ရာသီဥတုအေျခအေနအရ ေရစက္ခ်မဂၤလာအခမ္းအနားကုိ ယာယီရပ္တန္႔သြားတဲ့ သေဘာပါ။

ရာသီဥတု ျပန္လည္ေကာင္းမြန္သြားၿပီဆုိရင္ ေရစက္ခ် မဟာမဂၤလာအခမ္းအနားကုိ ျပန္လည္က်င္းပသြားမွာပါ။ ရာသီဥတုဒဏ္ေၾကာင့္ မဟာမ႑ပ္တစ္ခုနဲ႔ ရွင္သာမေဏ မ႑ပ္ေလးခုေလာက္ ယုိင္နဲ႔သြားပါတယ္။ ႀကီးႀကီးမားမား ပ်က္စီးဆုံး႐ႈံးတာမ်ဳိး မရွိပါဘူး။

ရာသီဥတုကလည္း မုိးရြာတာပဲရွိတာပါ။ ေလျပင္း လုံး၀မတုိက္ပါဘူး။ ဘာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ပါ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ ပြဲကေတာ့ ေအာင္ေအာင္ျမင္ျမင္ က်င္းပႏုိင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ကူညီ၀ုိင္း၀န္းေပးသူ အားလုံးကုိ ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္”ဟု စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီး အစုိးရအဖြဲ႕မွ အတြင္းေရးမွဴး ဦးစုိးစုိးဇင္က ေျပာၾကားသည္။

 

ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴပြဲ၌ မုိးသည္းထန္စြာရြာသြန္းခဲ့ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ယခင္က က်င္းပရန္ စီစဥ္ထားသည့္ အစီအစဥ္မ်ားအား ယာယီရပ္နားထားလုိက္ေၾကာင္း ယင္းက ဆက္လက္ေျပာၾကားသည္။ ယင္းကဲ့သုိ႔ မုိးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းခဲ့ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ေငြက်ပ္ သိန္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ဆုံးရႈံးမႈရွိႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း သုံးသပ္မႈမ်ားလည္း ရွိေနၾကသည္။

 

“မုိးက မနက္ ၂ နာရီေက်ာ္ေလာက္မွာ ရြာတာ။ ေရလည္းမ်ားတယ္။ မုိးက တျခားေဒသေတြမွာ နည္းနည္းရြာၿပီးေတာ့ ဒီအလွဴ လုပ္တဲ့ ေဒသဘက္မွာ အရမ္းမ်ားေတာ့ မ႑ပ္ေတြထဲမွာ ေရေတြ၀င္ၿပီး နစ္ကုန္တယ္။ တခ်ဳိ႕မ႑ပ္ေတြဆုိ ၿပိဳက်သြားတယ္”ဟု ေဒသခံ တစ္ဦးက ဆုိသည္။

 

ေမ ၁၆ ရက္ နံနက္အေစာပုိင္းက ရြာသြန္းခဲ့သည့္ မုိးေၾကာင့္ ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ ေက်ာ္အား အလွဴမ႑ပ္မ်ားအတြင္း၌ ေရမ်ား၀င္ေရာက္ေနျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ဘူးကုိင္းစံျပေက်းရြာအနီးရွိ ေက်ာက္ရစ္စံျပေက်းရြာတြင္ ဆြမ္းေလာင္းပြဲအား ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ရေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

 

ရွင္အပါး ၅၀၀၀ အလွဴပြဲအား ျပည္ေထာင္စုသမၼတ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံေတာ္အစုိးရအဖြဲ႕၏ ပါရမီကုသုိလ္ ပ့ံပုိးကူညီေဆာင္ရြက္လွဴ ဒါန္းမႈျဖင့္ စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီး၊ စစ္ကုိင္းခ႐ုိင္ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ဘူးကုိင္းစံျပေက်းရြာတြင္ ရန္ကုန္တုိင္းေဒသႀကီး သံဃနာယကအဖြဲ႕ ဥကၠ႒ ဆရာေတာ္ ဘဒၵႏၲဣဒၶိဗလအဂၢမဟာ သဒၵမၼ ေဇာတိကဓဇ၊ ေဇယ်ာလူမႈထူးခြၽန္ ပထမအဆင့္၊ “ကုိးဆယ္ဆအနႏၲေမတၱာရွင္ ဆရာေတာ္” မွ ဦးစီးဦးေဆာင္၍ စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီးအစုိးရအဖြဲ႕၊ ၀န္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ဦးသာေအး က ဦးေဆာင္ေကာ္မတီဖြဲ႕စည္းၿပီး၊ ေရႊသံလြင္ ကုမၸဏီမိသားစုတုိ႔မွ မတည္လွဴဒါန္းကာ စစ္ကုိင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီးအတြင္းရွိ ရွင္မျပဳရေသးသည့္ တုိင္းရင္းသားေပါင္းစုံ ရွင္သာမေဏ ေလာင္းလ်ာ ၅၀၀၀ တုိ႔အား သာသနာ့ေဘာင္အတြင္းသုိ႔ သြတ္သြင္းျခင္း မဂၤလာျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ေၾကာ္ျငာထားခ်က္မ်ားအရ သိရသည္။

 

Writer:

ေဌးလွေအာင္၊ စိုးမိုးထြန္း

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ရွင္ငါးေထာင္အလွဴပြဲ မိုးသည္းထန္စြာရြာသြန္းမွဳေၾကာင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏမ်ား မိမိေနရပ္မ်ားသို့ ျပန္လည္ထြက္ခြာ

စစ္ကိုင္း၊ ေမ ၁၆

ယေန့ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ေန့ မနက္ ၄ နာရီအခ်ိန္ စစ္ကုိင္းခ႐ုိင္၊ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕ နယ္၊ ဘူးကုိင္း စံျပေက်းရြာတြင္ မိုးသည္းထန္စြာရြာသြန္းမွဳေၾကာင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏမ်ား သီတင္းသံုးသည့္ ယာယီစံေက်ာင္းမ်ား ျပိဳၾကမွဳျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏ မ်ား မိမိေနရပ္မ်ားသို့ အသီးသီးျပန္လည္ထြက္ခြာခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

 

ရွင္ငါးေထာင္အလွဴပြဲ မိုးသည္းထန္စြာရြာသြန္းမွဳေၾကာင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏမ်ား မိမိေနရပ္မ်ားသို့ ျပန္လည္ထြက္ခြာ

ယေန့ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ေန့ မနက္ ၄ နာရီအခ်ိန္ စစ္ကုိင္းခ႐ုိင္၊ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕ နယ္၊ ဘူးကုိင္းစံျပေက်းရြာတြင္ မိုးသည္းထန္စြာရြာသြန္းမွဳေၾကာင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏမ်ား သီတင္းသံုးသည့္ ယာယီစံေက်ာင္းမ်ား ျပိဳၾကမွဳျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ရွင္သာမေဏ မ်ား မိမိေနရပ္မ်ားသို့ အသီးသီးျပန္လည္ထြက္ခြာခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
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Popular Myanmar News Journal

 

သမၼတတက္ေရာက္မည့္ ရွင္အပါးငါးေထာင္ ရွင္ျပဳအလႉေအာင္ပြဲ မုိးသက္ေလျပင္းက်သျဖင့္ ရက္ေရႊ႕ဆုိင္း

http://7daydaily.com/story/37409

 

By

မ်ိဳးမင္းဦး

On  

Sun, 2015-05-17 06:30

Location

မံုရြာ

Issue No.

No.736 Sunday, May 17, 2015

ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတ ဦးသိန္း စိန္တက္ေရာက္ရန္ စီစဥ္ထား သည့္ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ဘူးကိုင္းစံျပ ေက်းရြာ ရွင္အပါး ငါးေထာင္ ရွင္ျပဳ အလွဴေရစက္ခ်ေအာင္ပြဲ အခမ္း အနားကို မုိးသက္ေလျပင္း မ်ားက်ေရာက္မႈေၾကာင့္ ေမလ  ၂၄ ရက္သို႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕လိုက္ရ ေၾကာင္း သတင္းရရွိသည္။

စစ္ကုိင္းခ႐ိုင္ ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ဘူးကိုင္းစံျပေက်းရြာတြင္ ရွင္ အပါး ငါးေထာင္ရွင္ျပဳအလွဴ ေရစက္ခ် ေအာင္ပြဲအခမ္းအနား ကို မူလက ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္၌ က်င္းပရန္ စီစဥ္ထားေသာ္လည္း ယင္းေန႔ နံနက္တြင္ မုိးသက္ေလ ျပင္းက်ေရာက္မႈေၾကာင့္ ရက္ေရႊ႕ ဆိုင္းခဲ့ရေၾကာင္း က်င္းပေရး ေကာ္မတီမွ သိရသည္။

‘‘ဒီေန႔မနက္ မုိးေတြ အရမ္း သည္း၊ ေလေတြတုိက္လို႔ အလွဴ ေရစက္ခ်မယ့္ရက္ကို ေမလ ၂၄ ရက္ေန႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕လိုက္တာပါ။ ေစာေစာက ဒီေန႔အခမ္းအနားမွာ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတႀကီး ကိုယ္တုိင္ တက္ေရာက္ဖို႔ စီစဥ္ထားတာ။ ရွင္ေလာင္းေတြက မေန႔ကတည္းက ရွင္သာမေဏအျဖစ္ ဝတ္ၿပီးၿပီျဖစ္ တဲ့အတြက္ အလွဴပြဲက ေရစက္ခ် ဖို႔ပဲ က်န္ေတာ့တယ္’’ဟု စစ္ကိုင္း တုိင္းေဒသႀကီးအစိုးရအဖြဲ႕ တာ ဝန္ရွိသူတစ္ဦးက ေျပာသည္။

ေျမာင္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ဘူးကိုင္းစံျပ ေက်းရြာ၌ ရန္ကုန္တုိင္းေဒသႀကီး သံဃနာယကအဖြဲ႕ ဥကၠ႒ ဆရာ ေတာ္ ဘဒၵႏၲကၠဒၶိဗလ(အဂၢမဟာ သဒၶမၼ ေဇာတိကဓဇ၊ ေဇယ်ာလူမႈ ထူးခြၽန္ပထမအဆင့္)ကိုးဆယ္ဆ အနႏၲေမတၱာရွင္ ဆရာေတာ္ ဦး ေဆာင္၍ စစ္ကိုင္းတုိင္းေဒသႀကီး အစိုးရအဖြဲ႕ဝန္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ ဦးသာ ေအးက ဦးေဆာင္ေကာ္မတီ ဖြဲ႕ စည္းကာ သာသနာ့ဒါယကာ သာ သနာ့ဒါယိကာမအျဖစ္ ေရႊသံလြင္ မိသားစုကုမၸဏီမွ ရွင္အပါး ငါး ေထာင္ရွင္ျပဳအလွဴပြဲႀကီးကို ေမ လ ၁၅ ရက္မွ ဇြန္လ ၁ ရက္အထိ က်င္းပလ်က္ရွိသည္။

အလွဴေရစက္ခ် အခမ္းအနားက်င္းပရန္ စီစဥ္ထားသည့္ ေမလ ၁၆ ရက္ေန႔ နံနက္ပိုင္းတြင္ မိုးသည္းထန္စြာ ရြာသြန္းျခင္း၊ ေလျပင္းတုိက္ခတ္ ျခင္းတို႔ေၾကာင့္ ရွင္ငါးေထာင္ အလွဴပြဲက်င္းပလ်က္ရွိသည့္ ဗဟိုမ႑ပ္အပါအဝင္ ရွင္သာမေဏ မ်ား သီတင္းသံုးသည့္  မ႑ပ္မ်ား တြင္ မိုးေရမ်ား ဝင္ေရာက္ကာ  မ႑ပ္အခ်ိဳ႕ ယိုင္လဲခဲ့သည္။

‘‘မနက္ ၃ နာရီဝန္းက်င္က တည္းက ေလေတြလည္း တုိက္ မုိးေတြလည္း သည္းေနခဲ့တာ။ မနက္မိုးလင္းေတာ့ ရွင္ေလာင္း ေတြေနတဲ့ မ႑ပ္အခ်ိဳ႕က လဲေန တယ္။ မ႑ပ္ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား ေရေတြ ဝင္ေနတာ။ ရွင္ေလာင္း ေတြကိုလည္း ေရလြတ္ရာ ေက်ာက္ ရစ္စာသင္ေက်ာင္းကို ယာယီေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ထားတယ္။ ရွင္သာမေဏေတြ ထိခိုက္မႈမရွိပါဘူး’’ဟု ေက်ာက္ရစ္ေက်းရြာ ေဒသခံတစ္ဦးက ေျပာသည္။

ထိုအလွဴ၏ ရွင္ေလာင္းလွည့္ပြဲတြင္ ဆင္ ၉ ေကာင္၊ ျမင္း ၁၀၈ ေကာင္၊ ႏြားလွည္းယဥ္ ၉၀ စီးျဖင့္ လွည့္လည္ခဲ့သည္။

 

References

 

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

King Kyan Sis Thar FB

https://hiriautatpa.wordpress.com/2008/08/18/thats-our-bamar-21/

various news sites from which I obtained the news and photos

Pareinma – ပရိမၼ.FB

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

my photography

 

 

taken from the KoeNaWaing pagoda hill top where I visited during my visit to Mrauk U

path, somewhere in Mann oil field

pond behind MPRL Base camp 1-Feb-2005

taken from the KoeNaWaing pagoda hill top where I visited during my visit to Mrauk U

the time was in the afternoon and there were showers during the morning which nearly wrecked our tour; we had to use umbrellas!

it was the rain that protected us from the effect of the April sun in Rakhine

near AukKyaung pagoda, Mann oil field

the photo was taken during my visit to the AukKyaung monastery

the path leads to the AukKyaung pagoda, which, although not well known was the place where Buddha preached during His 1 week’s stay in the area; SetTawYar, SaKeinTae, Kyaung Taw Yar

path, somewhere in Mann oil field

for many, the idea of an oil field would bring the image of a barren place with Pumping Units, gas and oil lines as with other oil fields seen in news photos and documentaries

however, Mann oil field is different: there are oil facilities_Pumping Units, gas and oil lines, electrical posts, overhead electrical lines, transformers and well site tanks through out the field which originally was cultivated land with villages and even the huge AukKyaung pagoda and many village pagodas including the Nann Oo Phayar which was built by the king Narathihapate when he stayed nearby during his flight from Bagan to escape from the Mongols; it is now surrounded by a village, the Nann Oo village

although the wells and access roads are taken over for oil production, the farmers plant all cultivatable land which has been handed down throughout the ages from one generation to another in this area which extends from the edge of Minbu up to 5 miles away is cultivated, close to the well sites and access roads, sometimes even encroaching on them; the land is theirs, whereas the government took it from them to get oil, which should be theirs too

I try as much as possible to take photos of Mann oil field that does not include the hideous manmade oil field paraphernaralia, emphasizing the rural life (when I bought my camera in 2004, I took over 10000 photos within the first 3 years, most of them at Mann oil field, and I believe I hold the record of taking the most photos in Mann)

pond behind MPRL Base camp 1-Feb-2005

this photo was taken at the pond at the rear of MPRL Base camp, 1-Feb-2005

the water was still and serene and the scene very calm with the image of trees delightful to my mind and the few lotus making the view perfect for me

I only wish I had a professional camera at the time!

village in Mann oil field during the floods 2004

village in Mann oil field during the floods 2004

village in north Mann oil field, near the YayPu chaung, north of the Mann chaung, during the floods 2004

the village is built on high ground and all cultivatable land around the village has been inundated by the July floods of 2004

there are villages on either side further away

far distant land (not easily discernible in this photo) is the opposite bank of the AyeYarWaddy near which the river flows normally

This photo was taken 19-Nov 2004 at Mann oil field, MPRL Base Camp soon after sunrise from top of the radio tower.

The AukKyaung pagoda can be seen in the distance and beyond is the AyeYarWaddy.

As with many good photos, I was lucky to be in the right place at the right time.

a rose by any name ……

the other day, I was called “aba” for the second time in my life by a seismic supervisor of a shooting team where I went to visit on safety rounds

I felt erie to be addressed as “aba”, especially as for me it denotes something different from others because ko ko and I called our father “aba”, which is a strange thing

it began as a result of ko ko’s nanny who taught him to call father “aba”, probably their Kadu way

she was a Kadu and ko ko was born while my father was posted in Katha and they had her as housekeeper and later nanny until they were transferred to Pathein / Bassein where I was born

the house keeper / nanny was the wife of a railways worker in the rail department at Katha and they stayed on in Katha and I did not have the opportunity to meet her

but her teaching to ko ko was handed down to me and I also called our father “aba”

that was why I could not call anyone “aba” as our Sayar U Hla Myint was called by all others

and of course, the term is not really used commonly in Yangon where I grew up

the first time being called “aba” was in Yangon while I was buying something for home

the girl addressed me as “aba”

previously, all others called me “OoLay”

after being called “NyiLay”, “AhKoGyee”, I was called “Oo” at first

but later girls mostly addressed me as “OoLay”

maybe with the modern usage of “OoYe. Mee”, they find calling someone “Oo” difficult as I have difficulty calling others “Aba”

I also had a strange feeling when I was called “uncle” for the first time by new employees

although friends of my sons have called me “uncle” and I am used to it, I am being used to be called “sayar” at work, since I was a house surgeon (intern) and later a GP, demonstrator, Camp Doctor of different companies

being used to the term “sayar”, since 23 (now 58), the knowledge (AhThi.) of age escaped me until I was called “uncle” by some new employees a few years back

it struck me right on my chest with the reality that I had ignored

yeah…

I am old

older than I realized

a rose by any other name ……

Nyi Win on the Aung Chan Thar cargo boat Nov 2009 near Mandalay

the other day, I was called “aba” for the second time in my life by a seismic supervisor of a shooting team where I went to visit on safety rounds

I felt erie to be addressed as “aba”, especially as for me it denotes something different from others because ko ko and I called our father “aba”, which is a strange thing

it began as a result of ko ko’s nanny who taught him to call father “aba”, probably their Kadu way

she was a Kadu and ko ko was born while my father was posted in Katha and they had her as housekeeper and later nanny until they were transferred to Pathein / Bassein where I was born

the house keeper / nanny was the wife of a railways worker in the rail department at Katha and they stayed on in Katha and I did not have the opportunity to meet her

but her teaching to ko ko was handed down to me and I also called our father “aba”

that was why I could not call anyone “aba” as our Sayar U Hla Myint was called by all others

and of course, the term is not really used commonly in Yangon where I grew up

the first time being called “aba” was in Yangon while I was buying something for home

the girl addressed me as “aba”

previously, all others called me “OoLay”

after being called “NyiLay”, “AhKoGyee”, I was called “Oo” at first

but later girls mostly addressed me as “OoLay”

maybe with the modern usage of “OoYe. Mee”, they find calling someone “Oo” difficult as I have difficulty calling others “Aba”

I also had a strange feeling when I was called “uncle” for the first time by new employees

although friends of my sons have called me “uncle” and I am used to it, I am being used to be called “sayar” at work, since I was a house surgeon (intern) and later a GP, demonstrator, Camp Doctor of different companies

being used to the term “sayar”, since 23 (now 58), the knowledge (AhThi.) of age escaped me until I was called “uncle” by some new employees a few years back

it struck me right on my chest with the reality that I had ignored

yeah…

I am old

older than I realized

Pauk Kyaing: myth or history?

the PaBe Maung Tint Tae MaungHnaMa Nat Nann

Pauk Kyaing Pagoda, Tagaung

MyaukOttara YinSunTan / the tropic of Cancer

Friends, countrymen (women too of course; I should have written countrypersons, but it is not a proper English usage and English, I am afraid is full of such sexually unliberated words; Burmese is superior to English as one would say: TaingThu PyiTharr AhPaung Do., placing the hand that rocks the cradle first as it should rightfully be; I am not just being chauvinistic nor one of the Ma.Ya.Ka.s; Speaking about Ma.Ya.Ka.s, I got a great surprise when we went to the Ahlone immigration office to get neccessary letter of recommendation for the application of the National Registration Card for my younger son Lin Zaw Win; once there, we saw several tables and dustbins labeled Ma.Ya.Ka.; maybe they are donated by Ma.Ya.Ka.s) and colleagues (those who had read the earlier version of my Bcc mail will remember the term I used)

You all know about my interest in archeology, history, prehistory, human evolution, human migration, etc, especially with regards to Myanmar, which I have the opportunity to enrich my knowledge by the availability of the internet at Mann oil field clinic and my free time (my managers will read this, I am afraid) to browse the net for my thirst for knowledge. Thanks to the internet, I have access to many articles about these topics and gained invaluable knowledge about my hobbies.

My recent journey to the North included Tagaung since the planning stage although Pyone objected to it. Even when Pyone said she does not want to visit Tagaung when we were already in Myitkyina, I stood strong and told her she could return to Yangon by flight if she did not want to visit the MyitKyinns and Tagaung on which I had placed much hope on.

If you had looked up my earlier blog about our visit to Tagaung, you would know that we had the unexpected opportunity to pay homage to the PaukKyaing pagoda.

It was then that I realized that Pauk Kyaing is not a myth, but a historical fact.

I have known Maung Pauk Kyaing since as far as I could remember.

In those faraway days (40 – 50 years ago), we did not have much for entertainment.

In those pre-TV, pre-cassette, pre-tape recorder days, our only entertainment was BBS and movies of course, but limited to once a month by my parents, not the current twice (or thrice daily on weekends) Korean soap operas on 3 different TVs (MWD, MRTV and MRTV-5) and also TV-5, in addition to the satellite series and foreign 24 hr movie channels nowadays.

All my contemporaries know this of course, but it is for the benefit of the younger generation that I am recording these.

In those days of little entertainment, we had to play traditional games which those below 40 will not know anything of. Another past time is storytelling. We listen to stories told by elders.

Among them, Pauk Kyaing is one of the “a must” stories. A legendary / historical hero.

When I got to the Pauk Kyaing pagoda, I could not remember exactly about Pauk Kyaing

It has been so long and I had not repeated it to my sons as they were born in the electronic age.

They play electronic games, not the physical ones we had and there was no time for storytelling too, as we watched TV till we get sleepy.

It was during my last rotation at Mann that when I asked ko Myint Soe about Pauk Kyaing, he could tell me much more than I remembered. But it was not complete yet.

Recently I re-read the

ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္း (Version 2009 )

It is somewhat different of course; a new version, but the basic facts are the same.

Below is the new version of Pauk Kyaing for your knowledge about our pre-history.

ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္း (Version 2009 )

via ဖူးႏုသစ္ by ZT on 6/16/09

ယံုခ်င္ယံု မယံုခ်င္ေနပါ။ “စဥ္ဆက္မျပတ္ အကဲျဖတ္၍ အတန္းတင္ေပးေရး စီမံခ်က္” ဆိုတာ သေရေခတၱရာ တို႕ ဗိသႏိုးတို႕ဆိုတဲ့ အေစာဆံုး ျမိဳ႕ျပႏိုင္ငံေတြ မေပၚခင္ ကတည္းက ရွိခဲ့ဖူးပါတယ္။

အဲဒီေခတ္အခါတုန္းက တကၠသိုလ္ျပည္ ဒိသာေပါင္မုန္႕ေျခာက္ (ေဆာဒီး) ဒိသာပါေမာကၡ ဆရာၾကီး ဆီမွာ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္း ဆိုတဲ့ တပည့္တစ္ေယာက္ ရွိခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းဟာ သင္ေပးသမွ်ထဲမွာ မာဂဓဘာသာ စကားလို႕ ေခၚတဲ့ တိရိစၧာန္ ဘာသာစကားကလြဲလို႕ ဘာမွ သင္လို႕ မရပါဘူး။ ဆရာၾကီးလည္း ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းရဲ႕ တိုးတက္မွဳကို ၾကည့္ရင္း“ေလပါတယ္ မျမရင္ရယ္” လို႕ပဲ အျမဲ ညည္းေန ရပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းက“ဆရာ ဟိုဟာ လိုခ်င္လား။ ရေစမယ္။” “ဆရာ ဒီဟာလိုလား။ ျဖစ္ေစရမယ္။” ဆိုတဲ့ ေဖာေရွာရိုက္တဲ့ ေနရာမွာေတာ့ အင္မတန္ ေတာ္ပါတယ္။

ဒီလိုနဲ႕ ႏွစ္ျပည့္သြားေတာ့ ဆရာၾကီးလည္း“အင္း။ ဒီေကာင့္ကို ေက်ာင္းျပီး ေပးမွပဲ ျဖစ္ေတာ့မယ္။ မဟုတ္ရင္ ငါဆရာလည္း သိကၡာက်တယ္။ ဘာမွမတတ္လည္း ဒီလို ေဖာေရွာ ရိုက္တတ္တာေလးနဲ႕ေတာ့ အျပင္မွာ လုပ္စားလို႕ ရႏိုင္ပါတယ္။” လို႕ စဥ္းစားျပီး ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းကို ေခၚပါတယ္။ ေနာက္ေတာ့ “ကဲ။ ငါ့တပည့္။ မင္းဘာမွ မတတ္ေပမယ့္လည္း ဆရာ မင္းကို စီမံခ်က္နဲ႕ အေအာင္ေပးလိုက္မယ္။ ငါ့တပည့္ေတြထဲမွာ မင္းက အေတာ္ သိတတ္တဲ့ တပည့္ဆိုေတာ့ မင္းကို ေဘာနပ္စ္ အေနနဲ႕ စကားၾကီး ၃ခြန္းကို သင္ေပးလိုက္မယ္။” လို႕ ေျပာပါတယ္။ ျပီးေတာ့ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းကို “ေမးပါမ်ား စကားရ၊ သြားပါမ်ား ခရီးေရာက္၊ မအိပ္မေန အသက္ရွည္။ ” ဆိုတဲ့ စကားၾကီး ၃ ခြန္းကို သင္ေပးလိုက္ ပါတယ္။ ဒီလိုနဲ႕ စကားၾကီး ၃ခြန္း ကို အလြတ္က်က္ ျပီးတဲ့ ေနာက္မွာ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းဟာ B.A(မာဂဓ) Hons နဲ႕ ဘြဲ႕ရျပီး တကၠသိုလ္ကေန ထြက္လာခဲ့ ပါတယ္။

ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းဟာ တကၠသိုလ္က ထြက္လာကတည္းက စကားၾကီး (၃) ခြန္းကို ေတာက္ေလွ်ာက္ ရြတ္လာ ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီလို ရြတ္လာရင္း “သြားပါမ်ား ခရီးေရာက္ တဲ့ဟ။ သြားမွပဲ။” ဆိုျပီး ေတာက္ေလွ်ာက္ မရပ္မနား ေလွ်ာက္လာခဲ့တာ ေနာက္ဆံုးမွာေတာ့ တိုင္းျပည္တစ္ျပည္ကို ေရာက္လာခဲ့ပါတယ္။ သြားပါမ်ား ခရီးေရာက္ ေပမယ့္လည္း ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းလည္း လူထဲက လူပဲမို႕ အေတာ္ျပိဳင္း သြားပါတယ္။ အဲဒါနဲ႕ ေတြ႕တဲ့ ေက်ာက္ဖ်ာတစ္ခ်ပ္ ေပၚတက္ျပီး ႏွပ္ေနပါေတာ့တယ္။

အဲဒီတိုင္းျပည္မွာ ဘုရင္လုပ္တဲ့သူတိုင္း ဘုရင္ျဖစ္ျပီး ေနာက္တစ္ေန႕ မနက္မွာ အေသဆိုးနဲ႕ ေသရတာမုိ႕ ဘုရင္လုပ္ခ်င္တဲ့သူ မရွိဘဲ အားလံုးက ကြ်တ္ၾကဲ ေနၾကပါတယ္။ ဒါနဲ႕ ဘုရင္လုပ္မယ့္ သူကို ရွာဖို႕အတြက္ စက္မွဳဇုန္ထုတ္ ဖုသ္သြင္းရထားကို လႊတ္လိုက္ပါတယ္။ ဖုသ္သြင္းရထားလည္း ျမိဳ႕ထဲမွာ ပတ္ေနရင္း ဓာတ္ဆီကုန္ေတာ့ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္း အိပ္တဲ့ ေက်ာက္ဖ်ာေရွ႕မွာ ရပ္သြားပါတယ္။ မွဴးမတ္ေတြလည္း ဝမ္းသာအားရနဲ႕ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းကို “ေက်ာက္ဖ်ာထက္မွာ စက္ေတာ္ေခၚ ထေတာ္မူပါ အရွင္ဘုရား။” ဘာညာနဲ႕ ဇာတ္ၾကည့္တုန္းက က်က္ထားတဲ့ စာအတိုင္း ႏွိဳးၾကပါတယ္။ ဒါနဲ႕ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းလည္း ႏိုးလာျပီး “ဝွပ္စ္ အပ္” လို႕ ေမးပါတယ္။ မွဴးမတ္ေတြကလည္း “ဝွပ္စ္မအပ္ဘူး။ ဘုရင္ရွာရင္း ဒီကို ေရာက္လာတာ။ ဘုရင္ လုပ္မယ္မဟုတ္လား။” ေမးေတာ့ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းလည္း “ဂြင္တည့္ျပီဟ။ ေနရင္းထိုင္ရင္း ဘုရင္ျဖစ္တာ။ ၾကံဳတုန္း ၾကိဳက္တုန္း ဘုရင္ေတာ့ လုပ္လိုက္ဦးမွပဲ။” လို႕ စဥ္းစာျပီး ဘုရင္လုပ္ဖို႕ လက္ခံ လိုက္ပါတယ္။

ဒီလိုနဲ႕ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းလည္း လစ္လပ္ေနတဲ့ ဘုရင္ ရာထူးကို လက္ခံလိုက္ပါတယ္။ ဘုရင္ ျဖစ္ျပီးေတာ့ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းက “အင္း။ သိပ္ေတာ့ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ တစ္ခုခုေတာ့ ကြိဳင္ရွိေလာက္တယ္။ ဘာလုိ႕ ဘုရင္မင္းဆက္က ျပတ္သြားရတာလည္း မသိဘူး။” ဆိုျပီး စဥ္းစားမိ ပါတယ္။ ေနာက္ေတာ့ ဆရာ သင္ေပးလိုက္တဲ့ “ေမးပါမ်ား စကားရ” ဆိုတဲ့စကားကို အမွတ္ရတာနဲ႕ နန္းေတာ္ထဲ ရွိတဲ့သူေတြ ဆီမွာ လွည့္ပတ္ျပီး ေမးပါေတာ့တယ္။ အဲဒီမွာ ဘုရင္လုပ္သမွ် လူေတြ ဘုရင္ျဖစ္ျပီး ေနာက္တစ္ေန႕ မနက္ေရာက္ရင္ အေသဆိုးနဲ႕ ေသတာ ေတြ႕ရတယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ ဇာတ္လမ္းကို ၾကားသြားပါေတာ့တယ္။ အဲဒီလို အေသဆိုးနဲ႕ ေသရတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းရင္းကလည္း နဂါးတစ္ေကာင္က ညဘက္ဆို ဘုရင္ကို လာျပီး ေပါက္သတ္လို႕ ဆိုတာကိုလည္း ၾကားလိုက္ရပါတယ္။

ညဖက္ေရာက္ေတာ့ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းလည္း “မအိပ္မေန အသက္ရွည္” ဆိုတဲ့စကား လက္ကိုင္ထားလို႕ မအိပ္ပဲ ေစာင့္ပါတယ္။ သူအိပ္မယ့္ ေနရာမွာေတာ့ ငွက္ေပ်ာတံုး တစ္တံုးကို ေစာင္ျခံဳျပီး ထားထားခဲ့ ပါတယ္။ ညသန္းေခါင္ေရာက္ေတာ့ ဘုရင္ကို ေပါက္သတ္ဖို႕ နဂါးလည္း ဟိုေက်ာ္ဒီခြနဲ႕ ေရာက္လာပါတယ္။ နဂါးလည္း အိပ္ရာေပၚမွာ ေတြ႕တဲ့ ငွက္ေပ်ာတံုးကို ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းအမွတ္နဲ႕ “လာထား။” ဆုိျပီး ေပါက္ထည့္လိုက္ ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ လူမဟုတ္ဘဲ ငွက္ေပ်ာတံုး ျဖစ္ေနေတာ့ သူ႕အစြယ္က ငွက္ေပ်ာတံုးထဲမွာ စိုက္ေနပါတယ္။ အဲဒီအခ်ိန္မွာ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းက ဓားတစ္ေခ်ာင္းနဲ႕ ေရာက္လာျပီး “နဂါးႏိုင္ဓား ဦးထိပ္ထား ဖူးေမွ်ာ္ကန္ေတာ့ ရွိခိုးေလာ့။ က်န္က်ိဳင္းကြ။ အဲေလ ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းကြ။” ဘာညာနဲ႕ တရုတ္သိုင္းကားထဲကလို ၾကံဳးဝါးျပီး ခုတ္ထည့္လိုက္တာ နဂါးလည္း တခ်က္တည္းနဲ႕ ၾကြသြားပါေတာ့တယ္။

နဂါးရန္ ေအးသြားေပမယ့္လည္း မိဖုရားၾကီးက ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းကို သိပ္အစာ မေၾကပါဘူး။ အဲဒါနဲ႕ ဒီအတိုင္းေတာ့ ဘုရင္လုပ္လို႕ မရဘူး။ သူေမးတဲ့ စကားထာကို ေျဖႏိုင္မွ ဘုရင္ လုပ္ရမယ္။ အသက္ေၾကး ေလာင္းရမယ္ ဆုိျပီး ရစ္ပါတယ္။ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းကလည္း “ဒါေလးမ်ား။ ကဲေမးစမ္း။” ဆိုျပီး ခြင့္ျပဳလိုက္ ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီမွာ မိဘုရားက “ေထာင္ေပးလို႕ဆုတ္၊ ရာေပးလို႕ ခ်ဳပ္၊ ခ်စ္တဲ့သူ အရိုး ဆံထိုးလုပ္။” ဆိုျပီး စကားထာ ဝွက္ပါတယ္။ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းလည္း အေျဖကို စဥ္းစားေပမယ့္ မရလို႕ ပ်ားတုတ္ေနပါတယ္။

စဥ္းစားရင္း နဲ႕ Deadline က နီးလာပါျပီ။ ေက်ာင္းမွာ တုန္းက အဆိုင္းမင့္ဆိုရင္ သူမ်ားဆီကခ်ည္း ကူးလာေတာ့ အခု ကိုယ္တိုင္လုပ္ရမယ့္ အခ်ိန္ေရာက္ေတာ့ ေျမြေျခာက္ ကိုက္ေနပါျပီ။ ဒါနဲ႕ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းလည္း စိတ္ပ်က္လက္ပ်က္နဲ႕ ဥယ်ာဥ္ထဲ ထြက္လာပါတယ္။ ဥယ်ာဥ္ထဲေရာက္ေတာ့ Mr & Mrs. Black ဆိုတဲ့ က်ီးကန္း ႏွစ္ေကာင္ အပင္ေပၚမွာ ကြိစိ ကြစ နဲ႕ စကားေျပာေနတာ ၾကားလို႕ မာဂဓ ဘာသာ အထူးျပဳနဲ႕ ဘြဲ႕ရထားတဲ့ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းဟာ က်ီးကန္းေတြ စကားကို ေခ်ာင္းနားေထာင္ပါတယ္။

Mr. Black ။ ။ “အသည္းေရ။ ဟိုမွာ ဘုရင္ေတာ့ ညစ္ေနျပီ ေတြ႕လား။”
Mrs. Black။ ။ “ဟုတ္လား ဒါလင္။ ဘာျဖစ္လို႕လဲ။”
Mr. Black ။ ။“ဘာျဖစ္ရမလဲ။ မိဖုရား စကားထာ ဖြက္တာ မေျဖႏိုင္လို႕ အခုေတာ့ ေျမြကိုက္ ေနျပီေလ။”
Mrs. Black။ ။“မိဖုရားက ဘာစကားထာ ဖြက္တာလဲဟင္။”
Mr. Black ။ ။“ေထာင္ေပးလို႕ဆုတ္၊ ရာေပးလို႕ ခ်ဳပ္၊ ခ်စ္တဲ့သူ အရိုး ဆံထိုးလုပ္။ ဆုိပဲ။”
Mrs. Black။ ။“အေတာ္ စားတဲ့ မိဖုရားပဲ။ ဒါနဲ႕ အဲဒါက ဘာအဓိပၸာယ္လဲ။”
Mr. Black ။ ။“မသိခ်င္ စမ္းပါနဲ႕ကြာ။ေနာက္ေတာ့ သိရမွာေပါ့။”
Mrs. Black။ ။“ဒါလင္ေနာ္။ ဒီက သိခ်င္ပါတယ္ ဆိုမွ။ ေျပာမျပရင္ စကားမေျပာပဲ ေနလိုက္မွာ။ ဘာမွတ္ေနလဲ။”
Mr. Black ။ ။“ကဲ ဒါဆိုလည္း ေျပာျပမယ္။ ဘုရင္ကို ေပါက္သတ္တဲ့ နဂါးက မိဖုရားရဲ႕ ခ်စ္သူ။ အဲဒါ မိဖုရားက နဂါးရဲ႕ အေရခြံကို အသျပာ တစ္ေထာင္ေပးျပီး ဆုတ္တယ္။ ျပီးေတာ့ အဲဒီအေရခြံကို အသျပာတစ္ရာ ေပးျပီး ဝတ္စံုခ်ဳပ္တယ္။ အရိုးကိုေတာ့ ဆံထိုး လုပ္ထားတယ္။ အဲဒါကို ေျပာတာ။”
Mrs. Black။ ။“အဲဒါဆို အသားေတြကေရာ။”
Mr. Black ။ ။“အသားေတြကေတာ့ တရုတ္ျပည္ ပို႕လိုက္ျပီ။”

ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းလည္း သူလိုခ်င္တဲ့ အေျဖ က်ီးကန္းေတြ ဆီက ရလို႕ ေပ်ာ္သြားပါတယ္။ ဒါနဲ႕ နန္းေတာ္ကို ျပန္ျပီး မိဖုရားကို အေျဖ ေျပာျပလိုက္ပါတယ္။ မိဖုရားလည္း မေက်နပ္ေပမယ့္ သူေမးတဲ့ ေမးခြန္းကို ေျဖႏိုင္တဲ့ အတြက္ အေလွ်ာ့ေပးလိုက္ ရပါတယ္။

ဒီလိုနဲ႕ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းနဲ႕ မိဖုရားၾကီးတို႕ ေပါင္းသင္းေနထိုင္လာခဲ့ရင္းနဲ႕ ကင္းပူး တက္လာပါတယ္။ မိဖုရားၾကီးကေန အျမႊာညီေနာင္ ႏွစ္ေယာက္ေမြးတာပါ။ အဲဒီ အျမႊာညီေနာင္ကို စူဠာသမၻဝ နဲ႕ မဟာသမၻဝလို႕ အမည္ ေပးၾကပါတယ္။ အျမႊာညီေနာင္ဟာ ေမြးကတည္းက မ်က္စိ မျမင္ပါဘူး။ ေမြးကတည္းက သမားေတာ္ ေပါင္းစံုနဲ႕ ကုေပမယ့္လည္း အရြယ္ေရာက္တဲ့ အထိ ထူးျခား မလာပါဘူး။
I am not sure whether King Pauk Kyaing is the father of the blind twin princes, but their legend is also part of Myanmar pre-history
ဒါနဲ႕ ဘုရင္ ေမာင္ေပါက္က်ိဳင္းက “ငါ့သားႏွစ္ေယာက္ မ်က္စိ မျမင္ဘူး ဆိုတာ တိုင္းျပည္မွာ က်က္သေရ ယုတ္တယ္။ No One is above the law ပဲ။ အဲဒီေတာ့ ဒီႏွစ္ေယာက္ကုိ ေဖာင္ေပၚတင္ျပီး ေရထဲေမွ်ာရမယ္။” လို႕ အမိန္႕ခ်ပါတယ္။ မိဖုရားၾကီးကလည္း သူ႕သားႏွစ္ေယာက္ကို ခ်စ္ေတာ့ “မင္းၾကီး။ စဥ္းစားပါဦး။ No One is above the law ဆိုတာ ဥပေဒ အထက္မွာ နံပါတ္ ၁ ရွိတယ္လို႕ အဓိပၸာယ္ ယူလို႕လည္း ရပါတယ္။” ဘာညာနဲ႕ ငိုျပပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ဘုရင္ကေတာ့ စိတ္မေျပာင္းပါဘူး။ ဒါနဲ႕ စူဠာသမၻဝ နဲ႕ မဟာသမၻဝကို သန္လွ်က္တစ္ေခ်ာင္း ေပးျပီး ေဖာင္ေပၚတင္လို႕ ဧရာဝတီ ျမစ္ထဲ ေမွ်ာလိုက္ ပါေတာ့တယ္။

မင္းသားႏွစ္ေယာက္ဟာ မ်က္စိ မျမင္ရေပမယ့္ အၾကားအာရံုေတာ့ ထက္ျမက္ပါတယ္။ သူတို႕ ျမစ္ထဲမွာ ေဖာင္နဲ႕ ေမွ်ာလာတုန္း စႏၵမုခိ လို႕ အမည္ရတဲ့ ဘီလူးမဟာ မင္းသား ႏွစ္ေယာက္ကို ျမင္ေတာ့ ဖမ္းျပီး စားဖို႕ ၾကံပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ မင္းသားေတြက အသံၾကားေတာ့ ဘီလူးမကို လက္ဦးမွဳ ရေအာင္ ဖမ္းႏိုင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
the orgress did not try to kill and eat the princes, but just ate the food of the princes

when the food did not last as it did, that is the food was consumed in a faster rate, the brothers got suspicious and asked one another whether the other had eaten more than usual

when they found out someone else has been eating their food, the elder prince managed to get hold of the wrist of the orgress

ဘီလူးမက “ခ်မ္းသာေပးပါ။ လိုခ်င္တာ ရေစရပါမယ္။” လို႕ အသနား ခံပါတယ္။ ဒါနဲ႕ မင္းသားႏွစ္ေယာက္က သူတို႕ကို မ်က္စိျမင္ေအာင္ ကုေပးစမ္းလို႕ ခိုင္းပါတယ္။ ဘီလူးမက မင္းသားေတြကို မ်က္စိ စကုတဲ့ အရပ္ကို ေနာင္အခါမွာ “စကု” လို႕ တြင္ျပီး မ်က္စိစျပီး အလင္းရတဲ့ အရပ္ကိုေတာ့ “စလင္း”လို႕ တြင္တယ္လို႕ ေျပာၾက ပါတယ္။ (ပံုျပင္ထဲမွာ စစ္ပင္ၾကီးကိုင္းေနတာ ျမင္ရလို႕ စစ္ကိုင္းေခၚတယ္လို႕ ပါေပမယ့္ စလင္းကေန စစ္ကိုင္းကို သြားခ်င္ရင္ ဧရာဝတီကို ဆန္တက္မွ ေရာက္မွာမို႕ သိပ္မဟုတ္ဘူး လို႕ ယူဆ ရပါတယ္။ ) အခုမွ မ်က္စိျမင္တဲ့ မဟာသမၻဝလည္း “ဘီလူးမေလးလည္း မဆိုးပါဘူး။ သြားတက္ကေလးနဲ႕ လန္းသားပဲ။” လို႕ေတြးျပီး စႏၵမုခိကို ခ်စ္ေရးဆိုပါတယ္။ ဒါနဲ႕ပဲ စႏၵမုခိနဲ႕ မဟာသမၻဝတို႕ ျငိသြားၾက ပါတယ္။
actually, it is at Sagaing (Sit Kaing) where the raft was caught in the branches and the Orgress got on to the raft
ဒီလိုနဲ႕ သူတို႕ရဲ႕ ေဖာင္ဟာ အခု ျပည္ျမိဳ႕ လို႕ ေခၚတဲ့ ေနရာအနီးကို ေရာက္လာၾကပါတယ္။ အဲဒီအနားမွာ ရေသ့တစ္ပါးဟာ ရွဴရွဴး ဖလားဝါးရာကေန သူ႕ရဲ႕ က်င္ငယ္ကို သမင္မက ေသာက္မိလို႕ ကိုဝင္းၾကည္နဲ႕ ျဖစ္ျပီး မိန္းကေလး တစ္ေယာက္ေမြးပါတယ္။ ရေသ့လည္း သမင္မက ေမြးတဲ့ ကေလးကို ထိန္းေက်ာင္းရင္း အဲဒီမိန္းကေလးဟာ အရြယ္ေရာက္လာ ပါတယ္။ သူမနာမည္က ေဗဒါရီလို႕ ေခၚပါတယ္။

ရေသ့လည္း တစ္ေန႕တစ္ေန႕ အဲဒီကေလးကို ထိန္းေက်ာင္းေနရတာနဲ႕ တရားအလုပ္ မလုပ္ျဖစ္ပါဘူး။ အဲဒါနဲ႕ ေဗဒါရီကို ေန႕လည္ဖက္ဆို အျပင္ကို ပထုတ္ဖို႕ ၾကံပါတယ္။ ဘူးသီးေျခာက္မွာ အပ္နဲ႕ အေပါက္ ေသးေသးကေလး ေဖာက္ျပီး ေရခပ္ခိုင္းပါတယ္။ ေဗဒါရီလည္း အဲဒီ အေပါက္ေသးေသးကေလးနဲ႕ ေရခပ္ရေတာ့ ေတာ္ေတာ္နဲ႕ ေရမျပည့္တဲ့အတြက္ တစ္ေနကုန္ နီးပါး ခပ္ရပါတယ္။ အဲဒီေတာ့ ရေသ့လည္း သူ႕ေက်ာင္းသခၤမ္းမွာ တစ္ေယာက္တည္း စိတ္ေအးလက္ေအး တရားအားထုတ္လို႕ ရပါတယ္။

တစ္ေန႕ေတာ့ အဲဒီလို ျမစ္ကမ္းမွာ ေရခပ္ေနတုန္း မင္းသားႏွစ္ပါး ေရာက္လာပါတယ္။စူဠာသမၻဝက ေကာင္မေလး ေခ်ာေခ်ာေလးေတြ႕ေတာ့ “ဘာလုပ္ေနတာလဲ” ဆိုျပီး ပစ္ၾကည့္ပါတယ္။ ေဗဒါရီက “ေရခပ္ေနတာပါ။” လို႕ ျပန္ေျပာပါတယ္။ မင္းသားလည္း ဘူးသီးေျခာက္ကို ၾကည့္ျပီး “ၾကည့္စမ္း။ အရင္းအျမစ္ေတြ အလဟသ ျဖစ္တယ္။ Innovative မျဖစ္ဘူး။ ကဲ အေပါက္ကို ခ်ဲ႕လိုက္မယ္။” ဆိုျပီး ဘူးသီးေျခာက္က အေပါက္ကို သန္လွ်က္နဲ႕ ခ်ဲ႕ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္။ ဒါနဲ႕ ေဗဒါရီလည္း ေရကို အျမန္ခပ္လို႕ ရေတာ့ ေပ်ာ္ျပီး ေက်ာင္းသခၤမ္းကို ျပန္သြားပါတယ္။

ရေသ့လည္း ေဗဒါရီ ေစာေစာစီးစီး ျပန္လာေတာ့ အက်ိဳးအေၾကာင္းကို စံုစမ္းပါတယ္။ အဲဒါနဲ႕ ေဗဒါရီဆီကေန မင္းသားႏွစ္ေယာက္ အေၾကာင္းကို ၾကားေတာ့ သူတို႕ကိုေခၚခဲ့ ခုိင္းပါတယ္။ မင္းသားႏွစ္ေယာက္ကို ေတြ႕ေတာ့ “အင္း။ မဆိုးဘူး။ ပံုစံကေတာ့ ရုပ္ရွိ ေရလွ်ံ အမွန္အကန္ ပံုပဲ။” လို႕ ေတြးျပီး သူ႕ဆီမွာ ေခၚထားပါတယ္။ စူဠာသမၻဝလည္း ဘက္ပဲ့ေနတာနဲ႕ ေဗဒါရီကို ခ်စ္ေရးဆိုရာကေန သူတို႕ ႏွစ္ေယာက္ ၾကိဳက္သြားပါတယ္။
the abbot was a prince who followed the huge boar which threatened Tagaung and later setteled there, becoming a RaThe. the 2 princes are his nephews

maha thambawa married BayDarYi first and established a city

the orgress died of YinKwe Nar

after Maha thambawa died, sula thambawa married BayDarYi

ေနာက္ေတာ့ စူဠာသမၻဝနဲ႕ ေဗဒါရီတို႕ သေရေခတၱရာ ဆိုတဲ့ ျပည္ကို တည္ေထာင္ျပီး မဟာသမၻဝနဲ႕ စႏၵမုခိတို႕ကေတာ့ ဗိသႏိုးဆိုတဲ့ ျပည္ကို တည္ေထာင္ျပီး ေနၾကပါ ေတာ့တယ္။ အဲဒါကေတာ့ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ အစ သေရေခတၱရာတို႕ ဗိသႏုိးတို႕နဲ႕ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ ပါးစပ္ရာဇဝင္ ပံုျပင္ပါပဲ။ ေခတ္နဲ႕ ေလ်ာ္ညီေအာင္ စကားေျပာခန္းေတြကို ျပင္ဆင္ျပီး 2009 Version လုပ္ထားပါတယ္။